Questions and Answers
A factor giving an error on a direct indicating compass would be:
A pilot wishes to turn right on a southerly heading with 20° bank at a latitude of 20° North. In order to achieve this he must stop the turn on an approximate heading of:
A pilot wishes to turn left on a southerly heading with 20° bank at a latitude of 20° North. In order to achieve this he must stop the turn on an approximate heading of:
A pilot wishes to turn right through 90° on to North at a rate of 2 at a latitude of 40° North using a direct reading compass. In order to achieve this the turn should be stopped on an indicated heading of approximately:
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A remote indicating compass has usually less deviation error than a panel mounted compass because:
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About a magnetic compass:
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An aircraft is fitted with a direct reading magnetic compass. Upon landing in a northerly direction the compass will indicate:
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An aircraft takes off on a runway with an alignment of 045°, the compass is made for the northern hemisphere. During rolling take-off, the compass indicates:
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Concerning magnetic compasses, deviation is:
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During deceleration following a landing in a northerly direction, a magnetic compass made for the southern hemisphere indicates:
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Variation is defined as the angle between:
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When accelerating on a westerly heading in the Northern Hemisphere the needle of the Direct Indicating Compass will:
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Study Notes
Magnetic Compass Errors
- A direct indicating compass can have errors due to factors such as parallax, turning biases on east/west headings, acceleration effects during turns, and crosswinds.
- Errors in acceleration are linked to changes in aircraft speed and can cause significant deviations in compass readings.
Compass Turning Errors
- When attempting a left turn to a southerly heading at 20° latitude, stop the turn at approximately 170° to accurately follow the desired course.
- For a right turn to a southerly heading, stop at around 180° to maintain proper heading.
- A right turn through 90° to North at 40° latitude will require stopping at around 030°.
Remote Indicating Compass Advantages
- Remote indicating compasses experience less deviation error due to minimal magnetic interference from the aircraft's body and a well-damped floating magnet design.
Magnetic Compass Behavior
- Upon landing northward, a magnetic compass indicates a turn towards the East.
- Landing southward in the northern hemisphere may cause the compass to oscillate around 180°.
- Compasses behave differently based on taking off or landing in various directions, influenced by the aircraft's speed and the Earth's magnetic field.
Compass Deviation and Variation
- Deviation refers to the angular difference between magnetic North and compass North, with adjustments necessary for accurate navigation.
- Variation represents the difference between true North and magnetic North, essential for correcting compass readings.
Compass Calibration
- Magnetic compass swinging is performed to minimize deviation and improve accuracy.
- The detector unit in remote compasses remains free in a horizontal plane to enhance sensitivity.
Effects of Geographic Position
- Near the magnetic poles, compass reliability diminishes due to extreme magnetic influences.
- Acceleration and deceleration during turns affect compass readings differently based on geographic location (northern vs. southern hemisphere).
Heading Transformation
- The compass heading can be adjusted based on magnetic variances using deviation correction cards or maps indicating isogonic lines.
- True heading transforms into magnetic heading referencing a deviation card.
Interactive Errors
- During acceleration, a direct reading magnetic compass may incorrectly suggest a turn, particularly on easterly or westerly headings.
- The compass is most accurate at mid-latitudes and shows the greatest error at the magnetic equator.
Miscellaneous Compass Information
- The purpose of flux-valve is to sense the direction of Earth’s magnetic field relative to aircraft orientation.
- The characteristics of a functional direct-reading magnetic compass should include being sensitive, horizontal, and aperiodic for reliable performance.
Compass Operational Indicators
- A red flag labeled 'HDG' in the HSI indicates a discrepancy detected between the actual aircraft heading and the pre-selected heading, often due to flux valve errors.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the errors associated with direct indicating compasses, including parallax, turning biases, and acceleration effects. This quiz covers essential concepts for accurate navigation and compass usage in aviation. Evaluate your understanding of compass turning errors and the impacts of external factors on compass readings.
