Instrument pilot pt.1

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Questions and Answers

What is the significance of the FAA requirement to report the inability to climb/descend at least 500 ft.per minute?

It is a requirement for the FAA instrument rating (correct)

It is necessary for safe vertical separation of airplanes above 18,000ft MSL

It is necessary for altitude computations

It is a required instrument for IFR flight

What is the effect of an increase in outside air temperature during a flight at constant power and a constant indicated altitude?

The TAS and true altitude will remain the same

The TAS and true altitude will increase (correct)

The TAS and true altitude will decrease

The TAS will increase but the true altitude will remain the same

What is indicated by the thin needle with a flared triangular tip on an altimeter?

1 ft interval

1,000 ft intervals

100 ft intervals

10,000 ft intervals (correct)

What is the purpose of the altimeter setting dial?

To adjust for changes in air pressure Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the local altimeter setting?

It is used to ensure accurate separation of aircraft Signup and view all the answers

What happens when the altimeter setting is adjusted to 29.92 inches of mercury?

The pressure altitude will equal the true altitude Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of flying in colder than standard air on an airplane's altitude?

The airplane will be at a lower altitude than indicated Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of listening to electric gyroscopes for unusual noises?

To detect any mechanical failure Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the altimeter indicating the true altitude at the field elevation?

It is necessary for accurate altitude computations Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary direction from which a compass turning error occurs in the northern hemisphere?

Northerly or southerly Signup and view all the answers

What happens when the pressure lowers on route during a flight?

The altimeter will register a higher altitude than the actual altitude until the altimeter is adjusted for the new setting Signup and view all the answers

When turning from a northerly heading, what will the compass initially indicate?

A turn in the opposite direction Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the airspeed indicator when both the pitot tube and drain hole are blocked?

It acts as an altimeter Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect on indicated airspeed during a climb?

It increases Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the static pressure if an alternate static source is vented inside an unpressurized airplane?

It becomes lower than outside pressure Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect on the vertical speed indicator if the alternate static source is vented inside an unpressurized airplane?

It shows a climb Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect on the altimeter if the alternate static source is vented inside an unpressurized airplane?

It reads higher than actual altitude Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the airspeed indicator if the pitot tube becomes clogged with ice during flights?

It shows a higher airspeed Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the pressure of the air locked in the pitot tube and the static air vent pressure during climbs?

The pitot tube pressure is higher Signup and view all the answers

At a given altitude, what is the effect on indicated airspeed if airspeed changes?

It remains the same Signup and view all the answers

What is the fundamental principle behind the gyro's resistance to deflection?

The principle of inertia, based on two of Newton's laws of motion Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the heading indicator?

To display the aircraft's magnetic heading Signup and view all the answers

What should be checked prior to IFR flight on the attitude indicator?

The horizon bar's stability Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended control pressure when using the attitude indicator for pitch corrections?

Light and gentle Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum allowable movement of the horizon bar above or below the miniature aircraft during pitch corrections?

One-half bar width Signup and view all the answers

What type of precession error can cause the attitude indicator to incorrectly indicate a descent?

Deceleration precession Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of acceleration on the attitude indicator's pitch indication?

It causes the indicator to show a climb Signup and view all the answers

When is the precession error on the attitude indicator greatest?

When rolling out of a 180° turn Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the miniature aircraft on the attitude indicator when the airplane returns to straight and level flight after a 180° turn?

It shows a slight climb Signup and view all the answers

What is not affected by precession errors on the attitude indicator?

Pitch indication Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Compass Turning Error

Compass turning error occurs when turning from a northerly or southerly heading in the northern hemisphere
When turning from a northerly heading, the compass will lag and initially indicate a turn in the opposite direction
When turning to the east, the compass will initially indicate a turn to the west and then lag behind the actual heading until the airplane is headed east
When turning from a southerly heading, the compass will lead the turn
No turning errors occur when turning from or through an easterly or westerly heading (at 90° and 270° headings)

Pitot-Static System

If the pitot tube and drain hole are blocked, the airspeed indicator acts like an altimeter
At a given altitude, airspeed changes do not affect the indicated airspeed
During climbs, the indicated airspeed will increase
During descents, the indicated airspeed will decrease
These changes occur due to the differential between the pressure of the air locked in the pitot tube and the static air vent pressure

Alternate Static Source

If an alternate static source is vented inside an unpressurized airplane, the static pressure is usually lower than outside pressure due to the venturi effect
Three things will happen:
- The ASI will indicate a faster than actual airspeed
- The vertical speed indicator will momentarily show a climb
- The altimeter will read higher than the actual altitude

Altimeter

An altimeter indicates the true altitude at the field elevation if the local altimeter setting is used in an accurate altimeter
The altimeter indicates altitude in relation to the pressure level set in the barometric window
Altitudes are measured in 10,000 ft intervals, 1,000 ft intervals, and 100 ft intervals
Atmospheric pressure decreases about 1 inch Hg for every 1000 ft of altitude
The altimeter setting dial allows adjustment for non-standard pressure

Gyroscopes

Electric gyroscopes should be listened to for unusual noises after the battery is turned on but before the engine has started
Gyroscopes are resistant to deflection due to 2 of Newton's laws of motion:
- A body at rest will continue at rest, and a body in motion will continue in motion in a straight line until acted upon by an outside force
- Deflection of a moving body is proportional to the deflective force applied and inversely proportional to the mass of the body

Heading Indicator

The heading indicator should be set to the correct magnetic heading 5 mins after the engine is started
Prior to takeoff, check the heading indicator to ensure it maintains the correct heading after taxi turns

Attitude Indicator

Prior to IFR flight, check the horizon bar, which should be erect and stable within 5 mins of engine warm-up
The horizon bar should not tilt more than 5 degrees when making taxi turns
When using the attitude indicator for pitch corrections, control pressures should be extremely light

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Description

This quiz tests your knowledge of compass errors that occur when turning from a northerly or southerly heading in the northern hemisphere. Learn about lag and lead effects on compass readings during turns. Useful for pilots and aviation students.