30 Questions
What is the significance of the FAA requirement to report the inability to climb/descend at least 500 ft.per minute?
It is a requirement for the FAA instrument rating
What is the effect of an increase in outside air temperature during a flight at constant power and a constant indicated altitude?
The TAS and true altitude will increase
What is indicated by the thin needle with a flared triangular tip on an altimeter?
10,000 ft intervals
What is the purpose of the altimeter setting dial?
To adjust for changes in air pressure
What is the significance of the local altimeter setting?
It is used to ensure accurate separation of aircraft
What happens when the altimeter setting is adjusted to 29.92 inches of mercury?
The pressure altitude will equal the true altitude
What is the effect of flying in colder than standard air on an airplane's altitude?
The airplane will be at a lower altitude than indicated
What is the purpose of listening to electric gyroscopes for unusual noises?
To detect any mechanical failure
What is the significance of the altimeter indicating the true altitude at the field elevation?
It is necessary for accurate altitude computations
What is the primary direction from which a compass turning error occurs in the northern hemisphere?
Northerly or southerly
What happens when the pressure lowers on route during a flight?
The altimeter will register a higher altitude than the actual altitude until the altimeter is adjusted for the new setting
When turning from a northerly heading, what will the compass initially indicate?
A turn in the opposite direction
What happens to the airspeed indicator when both the pitot tube and drain hole are blocked?
It acts as an altimeter
What is the effect on indicated airspeed during a climb?
It increases
What happens to the static pressure if an alternate static source is vented inside an unpressurized airplane?
It becomes lower than outside pressure
What is the effect on the vertical speed indicator if the alternate static source is vented inside an unpressurized airplane?
It shows a climb
What is the effect on the altimeter if the alternate static source is vented inside an unpressurized airplane?
It reads higher than actual altitude
What happens to the airspeed indicator if the pitot tube becomes clogged with ice during flights?
It shows a higher airspeed
What is the relationship between the pressure of the air locked in the pitot tube and the static air vent pressure during climbs?
The pitot tube pressure is higher
At a given altitude, what is the effect on indicated airspeed if airspeed changes?
It remains the same
What is the fundamental principle behind the gyro's resistance to deflection?
The principle of inertia, based on two of Newton's laws of motion
What is the primary function of the heading indicator?
To display the aircraft's magnetic heading
What should be checked prior to IFR flight on the attitude indicator?
The horizon bar's stability
What is the recommended control pressure when using the attitude indicator for pitch corrections?
Light and gentle
What is the maximum allowable movement of the horizon bar above or below the miniature aircraft during pitch corrections?
One-half bar width
What type of precession error can cause the attitude indicator to incorrectly indicate a descent?
Deceleration precession
What is the effect of acceleration on the attitude indicator's pitch indication?
It causes the indicator to show a climb
When is the precession error on the attitude indicator greatest?
When rolling out of a 180° turn
What happens to the miniature aircraft on the attitude indicator when the airplane returns to straight and level flight after a 180° turn?
It shows a slight climb
What is not affected by precession errors on the attitude indicator?
Pitch indication
Study Notes
Compass Turning Error
- Compass turning error occurs when turning from a northerly or southerly heading in the northern hemisphere
- When turning from a northerly heading, the compass will lag and initially indicate a turn in the opposite direction
- When turning to the east, the compass will initially indicate a turn to the west and then lag behind the actual heading until the airplane is headed east
- When turning from a southerly heading, the compass will lead the turn
- No turning errors occur when turning from or through an easterly or westerly heading (at 90° and 270° headings)
Pitot-Static System
- If the pitot tube and drain hole are blocked, the airspeed indicator acts like an altimeter
- At a given altitude, airspeed changes do not affect the indicated airspeed
- During climbs, the indicated airspeed will increase
- During descents, the indicated airspeed will decrease
- These changes occur due to the differential between the pressure of the air locked in the pitot tube and the static air vent pressure
Alternate Static Source
- If an alternate static source is vented inside an unpressurized airplane, the static pressure is usually lower than outside pressure due to the venturi effect
- Three things will happen:
- The ASI will indicate a faster than actual airspeed
- The vertical speed indicator will momentarily show a climb
- The altimeter will read higher than the actual altitude
Altimeter
- An altimeter indicates the true altitude at the field elevation if the local altimeter setting is used in an accurate altimeter
- The altimeter indicates altitude in relation to the pressure level set in the barometric window
- Altitudes are measured in 10,000 ft intervals, 1,000 ft intervals, and 100 ft intervals
- Atmospheric pressure decreases about 1 inch Hg for every 1000 ft of altitude
- The altimeter setting dial allows adjustment for non-standard pressure
Gyroscopes
- Electric gyroscopes should be listened to for unusual noises after the battery is turned on but before the engine has started
- Gyroscopes are resistant to deflection due to 2 of Newton's laws of motion:
- A body at rest will continue at rest, and a body in motion will continue in motion in a straight line until acted upon by an outside force
- Deflection of a moving body is proportional to the deflective force applied and inversely proportional to the mass of the body
Heading Indicator
- The heading indicator should be set to the correct magnetic heading 5 mins after the engine is started
- Prior to takeoff, check the heading indicator to ensure it maintains the correct heading after taxi turns
Attitude Indicator
- Prior to IFR flight, check the horizon bar, which should be erect and stable within 5 mins of engine warm-up
- The horizon bar should not tilt more than 5 degrees when making taxi turns
- When using the attitude indicator for pitch corrections, control pressures should be extremely light
This quiz tests your knowledge of compass errors that occur when turning from a northerly or southerly heading in the northern hemisphere. Learn about lag and lead effects on compass readings during turns. Useful for pilots and aviation students.
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