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Questions and Answers
What was a main reason for the reduction in the fleet's numbers after Magellan's death?
What significant event took place in March 1521 during the expedition?
Which ship was ultimately left as the only seaworthy vessel to return to Spain?
How did the Strait of Magellan impact European exploration?
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What were some of the challenges faced by Magellan's crew during the Pacific crossing?
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What was the fate of the Trinidad after reaching the Spice Islands?
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Which event marked the first European contact with the Philippines?
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What significant achievement did Magellan consider as one of his greatest during the expedition?
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What was the outcome of the Battle of Mactan?
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Which phrase best describes the challenges faced by the surviving fleet after trading for spices?
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What was one of the consequences of the discovery of the Strait of Magellan for Spain?
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Why is the Strait of Magellan significant in the context of the expedition?
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How did Magellan's expedition affect colonial expansion in the Philippines?
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What is one key purpose of Juan de Plasencia's 'Customs of the Tagalog'?
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Which social class in Tagalog society was considered to be the nobility?
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What specific disease was the crew of Magellan's expedition particularly vulnerable to during the Pacific crossing?
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What was the primary role of the datu in pre-colonial Tagalog society?
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What was one of the main reasons for the long delay in finding a passage to the Pacific Ocean?
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What major action did Magellan undertake upon reaching the Philippines?
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Which element of society did Juan de Plasencia describe in his accounts?
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What characteristic was NOT essential for a successor to the position of datu?
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What was one effect of the Spanish colonial period on local governance as described by Plasencia?
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What was a common method of conflict resolution in Tagalog society as described in the writings?
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Which phrase best describes the social hierarchy in Tagalog society?
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Study Notes
Magellan's Expedition
- Magellan's expedition set out to find a westward sea route to the Spice Islands (Maluku) in 1519
- The expedition consisted of five ships: Trinidad (flagship), San Antonio, Concepción, Santiago, and Victoria, with about 270 men aboard.
- The expedition departed from Seville, Spain, on September 20, 1519.
- The expedition sailed across the Atlantic Ocean to South America, making stops in Brazil and exploring the coastline in search of a passage to the Pacific Ocean.
- Magellan and his team discovered a narrow passage in southern South America called the Strait of Magellan, which took over a month to navigate.
- They became the first Europeans to enter the Pacific Ocean after exiting the strait.
- The expedition reached the island of Guam on March 6, 1521, to replenish supplies.
- On March 16, 1521, they arrived in the Philippines on the island of Homonhon, marking the first European contact with the country.
- Magellan formed alliances with local rulers, most notably Rajah Humabon of Cebu.
- Many locals, including Humabon and his wife, were baptized as Christians, which Magellan viewed as a significant achievement.
- Magellan attempted to assert Spanish authority over Lapu-Lapu, a local chief on the island of Mactan, on April 27, 1521, but was killed in the Battle of Mactan.
- After Magellan's death, only three ships remained from the original five: the Victoria, Trinidad, and Concepción.
- The Concepción was burned due to being unfit for sailing.
- The Trinidad was damaged and left behind for repairs, but it was later captured by the Portuguese.
- The Victoria was the only seaworthy vessel to make the journey back to Spain.
- In 1522, the Victoria, under the command of Juan Sebastián Elcano, completed the first circumnavigation of the world, returning to Spain with a crew of 18 survivors out of the original 270.
Pigafetta's Account
- Antonio Pigafetta was an Italian scholar and explorer who was one of the few survivors of Ferdinand Magellan's expedition.
- He provided a detailed first-hand account of the voyage, serving as a primary source for understanding European encounters with the Philippines.
- The account provides detailed descriptions of the indigenous Filipinos, their culture, customs, and way of life.
- The insights offer valuable information about pre-colonial Filipino culture, including their systems of governance, religion, social hierarchy, and trade.
Customs of the Tagalog
- Juan de Plasencia was a Spanish Franciscan friar who arrived in the Philippines in 1578 as part of the early missionary efforts.
- He authored "Customs of the Tagalog" in 1589, a detailed ethnographic account of the local Tagalog culture.
- His work is one of the earliest written documents about pre-colonial Filipino society.
- "Customs of the Tagalog" documented local customs for colonial administration and religious conversion.
- It served as a guide for Spanish officials in understanding Tagalog governance, justice, and societal structures.
- It reflects the Spanish need to control and convert the local population to Christianity.
Barangay System and Social Structure
- The barangay was the basic unit of governance in pre-colonial Tagalog society, led by the datu.
- The datu played a central role in governance, justice, and maintaining the social and economic order within the community.
- The position of datu was often passed down to the eldest son or another close male relative.
- The successor was expected to have certain leadership qualities, such as strength, wisdom, and the ability to protect and govern the community.
- The three classes in Tagalog society were:
- maharlika (nobles)
- timawa (freemen)
- alipin (slaves)
Tagalog Religion
- The Tagalog people worshipped nature spirits called anitos.
- Priestesses called babaylans played important roles in their religious practices.
Tagalog Justice System
- Local laws, punishments, and conflict resolution methods included fines and trials by ordeal.
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Description
Explore the key events of Magellan's expedition that set sail in 1519 to discover a westward route to the Spice Islands. From the departure in Seville to the historic arrival in the Philippines, learn about the challenges faced by the crew and the significant discoveries made during their journey. Test your knowledge of this pivotal moment in maritime history!
