Madiha Saleem DIONAM-DUHS 40 Pons

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Questions and Answers

Which part of the brain is primarily responsible for coordinating vital functions like breathing and heart rate?

  • Diencephalon
  • Cerebrum
  • Brainstem (correct)
  • Cerebellum

How are the 31 pairs of spinal nerves named and numbered?

  • Based on their length
  • Randomly assigned names and numbers
  • According to the region and level of the vertebral column they emerge from (correct)
  • Sequentially numbered from top to bottom of the spinal cord

What is the main function of the midbrain?

  • Coordinating breathing
  • Sensory input processing (correct)
  • Regulating heart rate
  • Housing the medulla

Which part of the brain is responsible for making decisions and causing motor activities?

<p>Cerebrum (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structures are included in the hindbrain?

<p>Cerebellum, medulla, and pons (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of spinal nerves in the peripheral nervous system?

<p>Connect CNS to sensory receptors, muscles, and glands throughout the body (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of arachnoid villi in the movement of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?

<p>Act as one-way valves (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does CSF support and protect the brain and spinal cord?

<p>By maintaining a uniform pressure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the average daily secretion rate of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?

<p>0.5 ml per minute (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the volume of CSF fairly constant at about 150 ml?

<p>Due to absorption matching secretion rate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can CSF pressure be measured?

<p>Using a vertical tube attached to a lumbar puncture needle (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the regulation of breathing?

<p>Bathing the central respiratory chemoreceptors in the medulla (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the pons located in relation to the cerebellum?

<p>In front (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the nerve fibers in the pons?

<p>Bridge between cerebral hemispheres (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which region of the brain does the medulla oblongata connect to below?

<p>Spinal cord (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the grey matter in the medulla oblongata?

<p>Form relay stations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the brain contains nuclei associated with autonomic reflex activity?

<p>Medulla oblongata (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the anatomical structure of the pons differ from that of the cerebrum?

<p>Grey matter on the surface (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the cerebellum situated in the brain?

<p>Behind the pons and below the posterior portion of the cerebrum (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of the cerebellum?

<p>Ovoid (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How long is the spinal cord in adult males?

<p>Approximately 45 cm (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What lies deeply in the cerebellum?

<p>White matter (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the nervous system is suspended in the vertebral canal?

<p>Spinal cord (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a lumbar puncture used for?

<p>To take a specimen of cerebrospinal fluid (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of muscle is excited or inhibited by the autonomic nervous system?

<p>Smooth muscle (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What level in the brain coordinates the reflex activities controlled by the autonomic nervous system?

<p>Hypothalamus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following activities may result from sensory input reaching consciousness in relation to autonomic reflexes?

<p>Temporary inhibition of reflex micturition (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the autonomic nervous system in contributing to homeostasis?

<p>Responding to subconsciously perceived visceral sensations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which type of reflex do involuntary (smooth and cardiac) muscles rapidly contract or inhibit contraction?

<p>Autonomic reflexes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Based on the text, where does sensory input for autonomic reflex actions mainly travel to?

<p>Brainstem (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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