Madiha Saleem DIONAM-DUHS 40 Pons

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Which part of the brain is primarily responsible for coordinating vital functions like breathing and heart rate?

Diencephalon

Cerebrum

Brainstem (correct)

Cerebellum

How are the 31 pairs of spinal nerves named and numbered?

Based on their length

Randomly assigned names and numbers

According to the region and level of the vertebral column they emerge from (correct)

Sequentially numbered from top to bottom of the spinal cord

What is the main function of the midbrain?

Coordinating breathing

Sensory input processing (correct)

Regulating heart rate

Housing the medulla

Which part of the brain is responsible for making decisions and causing motor activities?

Cerebrum Signup and view all the answers

What structures are included in the hindbrain?

Cerebellum, medulla, and pons Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of spinal nerves in the peripheral nervous system?

Connect CNS to sensory receptors, muscles, and glands throughout the body Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of arachnoid villi in the movement of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?

Act as one-way valves Signup and view all the answers

How does CSF support and protect the brain and spinal cord?

By maintaining a uniform pressure Signup and view all the answers

What is the average daily secretion rate of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?

0.5 ml per minute Signup and view all the answers

Why is the volume of CSF fairly constant at about 150 ml?

Due to absorption matching secretion rate Signup and view all the answers

How can CSF pressure be measured?

Using a vertical tube attached to a lumbar puncture needle Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the regulation of breathing?

Bathing the central respiratory chemoreceptors in the medulla Signup and view all the answers

Where is the pons located in relation to the cerebellum?

In front Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the nerve fibers in the pons?

Bridge between cerebral hemispheres Signup and view all the answers

Which region of the brain does the medulla oblongata connect to below?

Spinal cord Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the grey matter in the medulla oblongata?

Form relay stations Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the brain contains nuclei associated with autonomic reflex activity?

Medulla oblongata Signup and view all the answers

How does the anatomical structure of the pons differ from that of the cerebrum?

Grey matter on the surface Signup and view all the answers

Where is the cerebellum situated in the brain?

Behind the pons and below the posterior portion of the cerebrum Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of the cerebellum?

Ovoid Signup and view all the answers

How long is the spinal cord in adult males?

Approximately 45 cm Signup and view all the answers

What lies deeply in the cerebellum?

White matter Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the nervous system is suspended in the vertebral canal?

Spinal cord Signup and view all the answers

What is a lumbar puncture used for?

To take a specimen of cerebrospinal fluid Signup and view all the answers

Which type of muscle is excited or inhibited by the autonomic nervous system?

Smooth muscle Signup and view all the answers

What level in the brain coordinates the reflex activities controlled by the autonomic nervous system?

Hypothalamus Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following activities may result from sensory input reaching consciousness in relation to autonomic reflexes?

Temporary inhibition of reflex micturition Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the autonomic nervous system in contributing to homeostasis?

Responding to subconsciously perceived visceral sensations Signup and view all the answers

In which type of reflex do involuntary (smooth and cardiac) muscles rapidly contract or inhibit contraction?

Autonomic reflexes Signup and view all the answers

Based on the text, where does sensory input for autonomic reflex actions mainly travel to?

Brainstem Signup and view all the answers