Questions and Answers
What is the distinctive pattern of chronic inflammation characterized by a predominant cell type with an epithelioid appearance?
Granuloma
Which cell type predominates by 48 hours in inflammation?
Macrophages
Which chemical mediator increases vascular permeability and causes vasodilation mainly by releasing histamine from mast cells?
Prostaglandins
Which chemical mediator is a small peptide released from plasma precursors, causing pain and rapid inactivation?
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Which arachidonic acid metabolite increases vascular permeability and leukocyte adhesion, and is blocked by steroids but not conventional NSAIDs?
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Which cytokine is a major mediator of inflammation and is produced primarily by activated lymphocytes and macrophages?
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Which type of mediator stimulates leukocyte recruitment in inflammation and controls the normal migration of cells through tissues?
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Which type of granuloma forms when foreign material is too large to be engulfed by a single macrophage?
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Which cell type produces antibody in chronic inflammation?
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Which chemical mediator found in greatest concentration in the plasma requires activation and increases vascular permeability and cause vasodilation?
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Which chemical mediator is a small peptide released from plasma precursors, causing rapid inactivation and pain?
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Which type of mediator stimulates leukocyte recruitment in inflammation and controls the normal migration of cells through tissues?
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Which arachidonic acid metabolite is a vasodilator and makes tissue hypersensitive to bradykinin?
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Which chemical mediator increases vascular permeability mainly by releasing histamine from mast cells?
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Which cytokine is a major mediator of inflammation and is produced primarily by activated lymphocytes and macrophages?
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Which type of granuloma forms when foreign material is too large to be engulfed by a single macrophage?
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Which chemical mediator found in greatest concentration in the plasma requires activation?
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Which chemical mediator is a small peptide released from plasma precursors, causing rapid inactivation?
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Which type of mediator stimulates leukocyte recruitment in inflammation?
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Which arachidonic acid metabolite makes tissue hypersensitive to bradykinin?
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Which chemical mediator causes vasodilation mainly by releasing histamine from mast cells?
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Study Notes
Inflammation Characteristics
- Chronic inflammation is characterized by a predominant cell type with an epithelioid appearance, which is a distinctive pattern.
Cellular Response
- By 48 hours, macrophages predominate in inflammation.
Chemical Mediators
- Histamine, released from mast cells, increases vascular permeability and causes vasodilation.
- Bradykinin, a small peptide released from plasma precursors, causes pain and rapid inactivation.
- Prostaglandins, an arachidonic acid metabolite, increase vascular permeability and leukocyte adhesion, and are blocked by steroids but not conventional NSAIDs.
- Prostacyclin, an arachidonic acid metabolite, is a vasodilator and makes tissue hypersensitive to bradykinin.
Cytokines
- Interleukin, produced primarily by activated lymphocytes and macrophages, is a major mediator of inflammation.
Cell Migration
- Chemokines stimulate leukocyte recruitment in inflammation and control the normal migration of cells through tissues.
Granuloma Formation
- Foreign body granulomas form when foreign material is too large to be engulfed by a single macrophage.
Immune Response
- Plasma cells produce antibody in chronic inflammation.
Vascular Response
- Kinins, found in greatest concentration in the plasma, require activation and increase vascular permeability and cause vasodilation.
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