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Questions and Answers
What cell type predominates by 48 hours in inflammation?
What cell type predominates by 48 hours in inflammation?
- Mast cells
- Macrophages (correct)
- Eosinophils
- Lymphocytes
Which cell type is known for producing antibody in chronic inflammation?
Which cell type is known for producing antibody in chronic inflammation?
- Eosinophils
- Mast cells
- Macrophages
- Lymphocytes (correct)
What is the distinctive pattern of chronic inflammation known as?
What is the distinctive pattern of chronic inflammation known as?
- Cellular Inflammation
- Granulomatous Inflammation (correct)
- Chronic Cellulitis
- Acute Inflammation
What forms when foreign material is too large to be engulfed by a single macrophage?
What forms when foreign material is too large to be engulfed by a single macrophage?
Which chemical mediator is mainly responsible for increasing vascular permeability and causing vasodilation?
Which chemical mediator is mainly responsible for increasing vascular permeability and causing vasodilation?
What is the rapid inactivation characteristic of?
What is the rapid inactivation characteristic of?
Which arachidonic acid metabolite increases vascular permeability and causes leukocyte adhesion & chemotaxis?
Which arachidonic acid metabolite increases vascular permeability and causes leukocyte adhesion & chemotaxis?
Which cytokine is a major mediator of inflammation?
Which cytokine is a major mediator of inflammation?
Which type of proteins stimulate leukocyte recruitment in inflammation and control the normal migration of cells through tissues?
Which type of proteins stimulate leukocyte recruitment in inflammation and control the normal migration of cells through tissues?
What characteristic is associated with neutrophil granules?
What characteristic is associated with neutrophil granules?
Which cell type releases mediators such as histamine and cytokines?
Which cell type releases mediators such as histamine and cytokines?
Which oxygen-derived free radicals are toxic to parasites?
Which oxygen-derived free radicals are toxic to parasites?
What type of cells transform into the larger phagocytic cell known as the macrophage early in inflammation?
What type of cells transform into the larger phagocytic cell known as the macrophage early in inflammation?
Which of the following cells is primarily known for producing inflammatory mediators and participating in cell-mediated immune reactions?
Which of the following cells is primarily known for producing inflammatory mediators and participating in cell-mediated immune reactions?
What is the distinctive pattern of chronic inflammation known as?
What is the distinctive pattern of chronic inflammation known as?
Which chemical mediator is mainly responsible for increasing vascular permeability and causing vasodilation?
Which chemical mediator is mainly responsible for increasing vascular permeability and causing vasodilation?
What type of proteins stimulate leukocyte recruitment in inflammation and control the normal migration of cells through tissues?
What type of proteins stimulate leukocyte recruitment in inflammation and control the normal migration of cells through tissues?
Which arachidonic acid metabolite is a vasodilator and makes tissue hypersensitive to bradykinin?
Which arachidonic acid metabolite is a vasodilator and makes tissue hypersensitive to bradykinin?
What type of cells release mediators such as histamine, bradykinin, and complement?
What type of cells release mediators such as histamine, bradykinin, and complement?
Which cytokine is a major mediator of inflammation?
Which cytokine is a major mediator of inflammation?
Which oxygen-derived free radicals increase vascular permeability, immobilize neutrophils, and are chemotactic for mononuclear phagocytes?
Which oxygen-derived free radicals increase vascular permeability, immobilize neutrophils, and are chemotactic for mononuclear phagocytes?
Which chemical mediator mainly causes pain and has its production blocked by steroids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDs)?
Which chemical mediator mainly causes pain and has its production blocked by steroids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDs)?
What forms when foreign material is too large to be engulfed by a single macrophage?
What forms when foreign material is too large to be engulfed by a single macrophage?
Which chemical mediator is mainly responsible for increasing vascular permeability and causing vasodilation?
Which chemical mediator is mainly responsible for increasing vascular permeability and causing vasodilation?
What is the characteristic rapid inactivation associated with?
What is the characteristic rapid inactivation associated with?
Which arachidonic acid metabolite makes tissue hypersensitive to bradykinin?
Which arachidonic acid metabolite makes tissue hypersensitive to bradykinin?
What oxygen-derived free radicals are toxic to parasites?
What oxygen-derived free radicals are toxic to parasites?
Which cell type is known for producing antibody in chronic inflammation?
Which cell type is known for producing antibody in chronic inflammation?
What forms when foreign material is too large to be engulfed by a single macrophage?
What forms when foreign material is too large to be engulfed by a single macrophage?
Which type of proteins stimulate leukocyte recruitment in inflammation and control the normal migration of cells through tissues?
Which type of proteins stimulate leukocyte recruitment in inflammation and control the normal migration of cells through tissues?
What cell type predominates by 48 hours in inflammation?
What cell type predominates by 48 hours in inflammation?
Which cell type releases mediators such as histamine and cytokines?
Which cell type releases mediators such as histamine and cytokines?
Which chemical mediator mainly causes pain and has its production blocked by steroids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDs)?
Which chemical mediator mainly causes pain and has its production blocked by steroids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDs)?
What is the distinctive pattern of chronic inflammation known as?
What is the distinctive pattern of chronic inflammation known as?
Which chemical mediator is mainly responsible for increasing vascular permeability and causing vasodilation?
Which chemical mediator is mainly responsible for increasing vascular permeability and causing vasodilation?
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Study Notes
Inflammation
- By 48 hours, mononuclear cells (macrophages and lymphocytes) predominate in inflammation.
- In chronic inflammation, plasma cells are known for producing antibodies.
Characteristics of Chronic Inflammation
- The distinctive pattern of chronic inflammation is known as granuloma.
Foreign Material
- When foreign material is too large to be engulfed by a single macrophage, it forms a granuloma.
Chemical Mediators
- Histamine is mainly responsible for increasing vascular permeability and causing vasodilation.
- Bradykinin is a vasodilator and makes tissue hypersensitive to bradykinin.
- Prostaglandins are produced by the action of cyclooxygenase on arachidonic acid and are involved in pain and inflammation.
- Prostaglandins and leukotrienes are arachidonic acid metabolites that increase vascular permeability, cause leukocyte adhesion and chemotaxis, and make tissue hypersensitive to bradykinin.
Cytokines and Chemokines
- Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is a major mediator of inflammation.
- Chemokines stimulate leukocyte recruitment in inflammation and control the normal migration of cells through tissues.
Cell Types and Their Functions
- Monocytes transform into the larger phagocytic cell known as the macrophage early in inflammation.
- Macrophages are primarily known for producing inflammatory mediators and participating in cell-mediated immune reactions.
- Mast cells release mediators such as histamine, bradykinin, and complement.
- Neutrophils have granules with a characteristic rapid inactivation.
Oxygen-Derived Free Radicals
- Superoxides and hydroxyl radicals are toxic to parasites.
- Oxygen-derived free radicals increase vascular permeability, immobilize neutrophils, and are chemotactic for mononuclear phagocytes.
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