Macronutrients Quiz

Study Notes

Carbohydrates:
- Provide energy for the body
- Found in grains, fruits, vegetables, and dairy products
- Types: simple (sugars) and complex (starches and fibers)
Proteins:
- Build and repair tissues
- Found in animal products, legumes, and nuts
- Essential amino acids: cannot be produced by the body, must be consumed
Fats:
- Provide energy and support growth
- Found in animal products, oils, and nuts
- Types: saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated

Vitamins:
- Essential for growth and maintenance
- Found in various foods, including fruits, vegetables, and animal products
- Fat-soluble: A, D, E, and K
- Water-soluble: B and C
Minerals:
- Essential for growth and maintenance
- Found in various foods, including fruits, vegetables, and animal products
- Examples: calcium, iron, potassium, and sodium

Balanced Diet:
- Includes a variety of foods from all food groups
- Provides adequate nutrients for optimal health
Dietary Reference Intake (DRI):
- Recommends daily intake of nutrients for optimal health
- Based on age, sex, and physical activity level
Food Pyramid:
- Guides consumers in making healthy food choices
- Emphasizes whole grains, fruits, and vegetables

Vegetarian:
- Excludes animal products, but may include dairy and eggs
- Types: lacto-ovo-vegetarian, lacto-vegetarian, and vegan
Gluten-free:
- Excludes gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye
- Recommended for individuals with celiac disease or gluten intolerance
Low-Fat:
- Restricts fat intake, particularly saturated and trans fats
- Recommended for individuals with high cholesterol or heart disease

Malnutrition:
- Occurs when the diet lacks essential nutrients
- Can lead to various health problems
Deficiency Diseases:
- Scurvy (vitamin C deficiency)
- Rickets (vitamin D deficiency)
- Anemia (iron deficiency)
- Osteoporosis (calcium and vitamin D deficiency)

Carbohydrates are the body's primary source of energy, found in grains, fruits, vegetables, and dairy products, and come in two forms: simple (sugars) and complex (starches and fibers).
Proteins build and repair tissues, found in animal products, legumes, and nuts, and contain essential amino acids that cannot be produced by the body, but must be consumed.
Fats provide energy and support growth, found in animal products, oils, and nuts, and come in three forms: saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated.

Vitamins are essential for growth and maintenance, found in various foods including fruits, vegetables, and animal products, and come in two types: fat-soluble (A, D, E, and K) and water-soluble (B and C).
Minerals are essential for growth and maintenance, found in various foods including fruits, vegetables, and animal products, and examples include calcium, iron, potassium, and sodium.

A balanced diet includes a variety of foods from all food groups, providing adequate nutrients for optimal health.
Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) recommends daily intake of nutrients for optimal health, based on age, sex, and physical activity level.
The food pyramid guides consumers in making healthy food choices, emphasizing whole grains, fruits, and vegetables.

Vegetarian diets exclude animal products, but may include dairy and eggs, and come in three types: lacto-ovo-vegetarian, lacto-vegetarian, and vegan.
Gluten-free diets exclude gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye, and are recommended for individuals with celiac disease or gluten intolerance.
Low-fat diets restrict fat intake, particularly saturated and trans fats, and are recommended for individuals with high cholesterol or heart disease.

Malnutrition occurs when the diet lacks essential nutrients, leading to various health problems.
Deficiency diseases include scurvy (vitamin C deficiency), rickets (vitamin D deficiency), anemia (iron deficiency), and osteoporosis (calcium and vitamin D deficiency).