Macromolecules Overview Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is a monomer?

The repeating units that serve as building blocks.

What is a polymer?

A long molecule consisting of many similar building blocks.

What are the monomer and polymer of carbohydrates?

  • Monosaccharides, Polysaccharides (correct)
  • Fatty Acids, Lipids
  • Amino Acids, Polypeptides
  • Nucleotides, DNA

    • What is the function of lipids?

    <p>Strong energy storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the bond linking monomers in carbohydrates?

    <p>Glycosidic Linkage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many rings are in a monosaccharide?

    <p>1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many rings are in a disaccharide?

    <p>2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many rings are in a polysaccharide?

    <p>Many</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Are carbohydrates soluble in water?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Are lipids soluble in water?

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What two functions do nucleic acids have?

    <p>Storage and expression of genetic information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What three parts make up a nucleotide?

    <p>Nitrogen base, pentose sugar, and one or more phosphate groups.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two types of sugars found in nucleic acids?

    <p>Deoxyribose and ribose.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which macromolecules are bonded through a condensation (dehydration) reaction?

    <p>Complex carbohydrates, nucleic acids, and proteins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the four bases for DNA?

    <p>Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the four bases for RNA?

    <p>Adenine, Uracil, Guanine, Cytosine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary structure of a protein?

    <p>The sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the secondary structure of a protein?

    <p>Twisting of the alpha helix and beta sheets.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the tertiary structure of a protein?

    <p>Folding of a polypeptide chain due to interactions between side chains of amino acids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the quaternary structure of a protein?

    <p>Two or more polypeptide chains joined together.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their categories:

    <p>Starch = Carbohydrate Cholesterol = Lipid Steroid = Lipid Glycogen = Carbohydrate Enzyme = Protein Saturated Fat = Lipid Peptide Chain = Protein Glucose = Carbohydrate Polysaccharide = Carbohydrate Phospholipid = Lipid DNA = Nucleic Acid Monosaccharide = Carbohydrate Cellulose = Carbohydrate Amino Acid = Protein Unsaturated Fats = Lipid ATP = Nucleic Acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What provides long-term energy storage in animals?

    <p>Saturated Fats.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What provides immediate energy that burns quickly?

    <p>Glucose.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are sex hormones classified as?

    <p>Steroid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is known as the genetic code of life?

    <p>DNA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What forms the cell membrane of all cells?

    <p>Phospholipids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What speeds up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy?

    <p>Enzyme.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the monomers of proteins?

    <p>Amino Acids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What polysaccharide provides structural support to plants?

    <p>Cellulose.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What provides long-term energy storage for plants?

    <p>Starch.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for many sugars?

    <p>Polysaccharide.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Macromolecules Overview

    • Monomers are the repeating units that serve as building blocks of macromolecules.
    • Polymers are long molecules composed of many similar monomeric units.

    Carbohydrates

    • Monomer: Monosaccharides; Polymer: Polysaccharides.
    • Function: Serve as key fuel sources and structural materials in organisms.
    • Type of linkage: Glycosidic linkage.
    • Soluble in water, categorized as hydrophilic.

    Lipids

    • Monomers: Fatty acids and Glycerol; polymers do not exist.
    • Function: Provide strong energy storage.
    • Type of linkage: Triacylglycerol or Triglyceride linkage.
    • Insoluble in water, characterized as hydrophobic.

    Proteins

    • Monomer: Amino Acids; Polymer: Polypeptides.
    • Function: Essential for tissue repair and building.
    • Type of linkage: Peptide bonds.
    • Structure determines functionality, ranging from primary to quaternary levels.

    Nucleic Acids

    • Monomer: Nucleotides; Polymers: DNA & RNA.
    • Function: Store and express genetic information.
    • Type of linkage: Phosphodiester linkage.
    • Composed of three parts: nitrogenous base, pentose sugar, one or more phosphate groups.

    Sugars in Nucleic Acids

    • Deoxyribose: A single six-membered ring found in DNA.
    • Ribose: A six-membered ring fused to a five-membered ring found in RNA.
    • Nucleic acids have two primary functions: DNA stores genetic information while RNA helps in its expression.

    Protein Structure

    • Primary Structure: Sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain, determining properties and shape.
    • Secondary Structure: Includes twisting of alpha helices and formation of beta sheets through hydrogen bonding.
    • Tertiary Structure: Overall folding of the polypeptide due to side chain interactions of amino acids.
    • Quaternary Structure: Combination of two or more polypeptide chains.

    Types of Macromolecules

    • Carbohydrates: Starch, Glycogen, Cellulose, and Glucose.
    • Lipids: Cholesterol, Steroids, Saturated Fats, Unsaturated Fats, and Phospholipids.
    • Proteins: Enzymes, Amino Acids, and Peptide Chains.
    • Nucleic Acids: DNA, RNA, and ATP.

    Key Functions

    • Starch provides long-term energy storage for plants.
    • Glycogen serves as a carbohydrate energy storage in animals.
    • Structural support in plants is provided by Cellulose.
    • Phospholipids form cellular membranes.
    • Enzymes speed up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy.
    • Steroids act as hormones, including sex hormones.

    Additional Notes

    • Many sugars are classified as polysaccharides.
    • Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the four major macromolecules: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. This quiz covers their monomers, functions, and structures, helping you to understand their significance in biological systems. Prepare to explore the essential building blocks of life!

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