Macroeconomics Chapter 7 Flashcards
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Macroeconomics Chapter 7 Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What is the definition of gross domestic product?

  • The dollar amount of all final goods and services produced within a country's borders in a year. (correct)
  • The calculation of imports minus exports.
  • The total of transfer payments made by the government.
  • The value of intermediate goods used in production.
  • What is a final good?

    A good in the hands of its final user.

    What is an intermediate good?

    A good that is used as an input in the production of final goods and services.

    Double counting refers to counting a good more than once in computing GDP.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a transfer payment?

    <p>A payment made by a government to someone who does not produce a good or service in return.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does consumption represent in economics?

    <p>The sum of spending on durable goods, nondurable goods, and services.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by investment in macroeconomics?

    <p>The sum of all purchases of newly produced capital goods, changes in business inventories, and purchases of new residential housing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is inventory investment?

    <p>Changes in stock of unsold goods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What constitutes fixed investment?

    <p>Business purchases of capital goods, such as machinery and factories, and purchases of new residential housing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are government purchases?

    <p>Federal, state, and local government purchases of goods and services and gross investment of highways, bridges, and so on.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are government transfer payments?

    <p>Payments to persons that are not made in return for currently supplied goods and services.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are imports in macroeconomics?

    <p>Total domestic spending on foreign goods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are exports?

    <p>Total foreign spending on domestic goods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are net exports?

    <p>Exports minus imports.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is national income?

    <p>Sum of compensation of employees, proprietor's income, corporate profits, rental income of persons, and net interest.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does capital consumption allowance refer to?

    <p>The estimated value of capital goods over time as a result of their use in production.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is net domestic product (NDP)?

    <p>GDP minus the capital consumption allowance (depreciation).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is personal income?

    <p>The amount of income individuals actually receive (minus taxes).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is disposable income?

    <p>Amount of income left to an individual after taxes have been paid, available for spending and saving.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is real GDP?

    <p>The value of the entire output produced annually within a country's borders, adjusted for price changes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does economic growth represent?

    <p>Increases in real GDP.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the business cycle?

    <p>Recurrent swings (up and down) in real GDP.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is expenditure?

    <p>An amount of money spent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are non-market goods and services?

    <p>Products that GDP omits because these products aren't traded in an official market setting.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are underground activities?

    <p>Activities that don't count in GDP because there are no written records.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by sales of used goods in the context of GDP?

    <p>GDP omits this because the item was counted when it was originally produced.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are financial transactions in GDP calculation?

    <p>The trading of stocks and bonds, not counted in GDP.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are bads in economics?

    <p>Air pollution, water pollution; anything that distracts from human happiness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is per-capita GDP?

    <p>Total GDP divided by the number of people in a country.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are durable goods?

    <p>Products having a lifetime of 3 or more years.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are nondurable goods?

    <p>Goods that are used up fairly quickly, such as food and clothing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are services in economic terms?

    <p>Intangible items such as lawn care, car repair, and entertainment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following components of national income with their descriptions:

    <p>Compensation of employees = Largest component of national income, including wages and salaries paid to employees. Proprietor's income = Income earned by self-employed individuals and owners of unincorporated businesses. Corporate profits = Income earned by the stockholders of a corporation. Rental income = Income received by individuals for the use of their non-monetary assets. Net interest = Interest income received by U.S. households minus the interest they paid out.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the business cycle?

    <p>Alternating periods of growth and decline that the economy goes through.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

    • Represents the dollar value of all final goods and services produced within a country's borders in a year.
    • Excludes transfer payments as they don't reflect production activities.

    Final and Intermediate Goods

    • Final goods are those in the possession of their ultimate users.
    • Intermediate goods serve as inputs in the creation of final goods and services.

    Counting Issues in GDP

    • Double counting occurs when a good is counted multiple times, leading to inflation of GDP figures.
    • The sale of used goods and financial transactions are not included in GDP calculations.

    Income and Expenditure Components

    • National income comprises compensation of employees, proprietor's income, corporate profits, rental income, and net interest.
    • Personal income reflects the amount of income individuals receive after tax deductions, while disposable income indicates what is left for spending and saving.

    Types of Investments

    • Investment includes the purchase of newly produced capital goods, changes in inventory, and residential housing.
    • Fixed investment specifically refers to business expenditures on capital goods like machinery and new housing.

    Trade Balances

    • Imports refer to domestic spending on foreign goods, while exports represent foreign spending on domestic products.
    • Net exports are calculated as exports minus imports, impacting GDP.

    Economic Growth and Measurements

    • Real GDP adjusts for inflation and represents the true value of output over time, essential for measuring economic growth.
    • Economic growth is identified as increases in real GDP, while the business cycle consists of recurrent swings in economic activity.

    Types of Goods

    • Durable goods have a lifespan of three or more years, such as appliances and furniture.
    • Nondurable goods are consumed quickly, including food and clothing. Services are intangible offerings like lawn care and entertainment.

    Exclusions from GDP

    • Non-market goods and services, underground activities, and bads (such as pollution) are omitted from GDP calculations.
    • Capital consumption allowance reflects the depreciation of capital goods over time.

    Per-Capita Metrics

    • Per-capita GDP divides total GDP by the number of citizens, providing insight into individual economic well-being.

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    Explore key concepts from Chapter 7 of Macroeconomics with these flashcards. Learn definitions related to gross domestic product, final goods, intermediate goods, and more. Perfect for reinforcing your understanding of economic terms and their applications.

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