Machine Learning Concepts
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes a key distinction between supervised and unsupervised learning?

  • Supervised learning requires more computational resources than unsupervised learning.
  • Supervised learning uses labeled data for training, while unsupervised learning does not. (correct)
  • Supervised learning is primarily used for dimensionality reduction, while unsupervised learning is used for prediction.
  • Unsupervised learning models are generally more accurate than supervised learning models.

In the context of model evaluation, what is the primary purpose of using a validation set?

  • To tune hyperparameters and prevent overfitting. (correct)
  • To estimate the model's performance on completely new, unseen data.
  • To train the model on unseen data.
  • To assess the model's performance on the training data.

Which of the following regularization techniques adds a penalty term to the loss function proportional to the square of the magnitude of the coefficients?

  • L1 regularization (Lasso)
  • L2 regularization (Ridge) (correct)
  • Elastic Net regularization
  • Dropout

What is the primary goal of Principal Component Analysis (PCA)?

<p>To reduce dimensionality while preserving as much variance as possible. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does increasing the complexity of a machine learning model typically affect the bias-variance tradeoff?

<p>Decreases bias and increases variance. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is the testing effect?

Actively recalling information, which strengthens memory and learning.

What should a flashcard term be?

A term or short phrase that represents a concept.

What should a flashcard definition be?

A clear and accurate explanation of the term.

What is the purpose of a flashcard hint?

Relevant cue or partial information to prompt memory.

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What makes a good memory tip?

Memorable associations or mnemonics to aid recall.

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Study Notes

  • This covers an introduction to the course
  • It is a 2 credit course with 4 units

Evaluation Pattern:

  • The evaluation pattern includes formative (FA) and summative assessments (SA)
  • FA is divided into FA1 and FA2
  • FA1 is worth 10 marks and is based on units 1 and 2
  • FA2 is worth 10 marks and is majorly based on units 3 and 4
  • Both FA1 and FA2 use application concepts from units 1 and 2
  • SA is worth 30 marks and includes application-based questions

Teaching and Learning Methodology:

  • Involves experiential learning through Google Classroom
  • Case study analysis
  • Practical assignments with PPT
  • Flipped classroom

Resource Material:

  • Question Bank based on each unit will be provided at the end of the topic, covering easy to difficult questions
  • Model answers will be provided, along with detailed notes and referral audio-visual material

Introduction to Design Thinking (Unit 1):

  • Focus points are:
    • Meaning and concept of design thinking
    • Design thinking for competitive advantage
    • An entrepreneur's mindset, the need for design thinking, creativity, and innovation
    • Concept of opportunity assessment
    • How to identify opportunities
    • Which opportunity to invest in
    • Three-dimensional approach of opportunity assessment
    • "Go/No-Go" recommendations to invest and initiate

Concept and Meaning of Design Thinking:

  • Design thinking is a critical tool used by organizations to handle innovation management
  • The design thinking approach identifies the problem and identifies a long-term, functional, technically sound, scope-oriented, sustainable solution for an extended period
  • It considers economic factors, vision, and mission of the organization
  • The design thinking process standardizes itself into 5 steps

Empathize:

  • Design Thinking is a complete, human-centered approach
  • In commerce and business, it is called consumer-oriented approach
  • Organizations put themselves in the consumer's shoes to better understand needs, wants, and demands
  • Any invention without utility is worthless
  • Upgrading inventions to meet specific requirements, based on empathy, becomes innovation

Personal Care Product Example:

  • Soaps are commonly used, even to wash the face
  • Home remedies serve as supplementary options for face masks or face packs

Empathy Map (Step 1):

  • Considers face/skin stereotype, age groups, skin issues, composition, and brand building

Micro-Assessment of Innovative Ideas:

  • Focuses on brand image building as part of innovation in opportunity assessment

Reverse Brainstorming:

  • Examples include soaps and home remedies
  • Considers aspects like rough texture, unhygienic nature, harmful ingredients, being time-consuming, and inconvenient

Entrepreneurial Mindset:

  • Innovation is key to success and growth simultaneously in business
  • "Design Thinking" is a common concept discussed when cooperating for competitive advantage
  • Design thinking helps in entrepreneurship, in innovation, navigating stages to work flow, standardizing innovation management, creative solutions for business challenges, dimensions and measurements

Concept of Innovation (Based on Unit 3):

  • Innovation is defined as a product, physical good, process, service, strategies, or a business model with new and useful features
  • It must provide utility and unique value
  • Design thinking can inspire meaningfully with impact as an alternative

Design Thinking Phases:

  • Design thinking is a human-centered approach for innovation and success

Phases of Design Thinking:

  • To generalize a process of seeing the front-tech approach to business
  • This can be explained various ways:

Frame a Question:

  • Identify a driving question to inspire creative solutions
  • Gather inspiration

Inspiration

  • Inspire new thinking by discovering needs and desires and how they can be fulfilled

Generate Ideas:

  • Push past solutions to find better, tangible ideas
  • Convert thoughts into actions through execution

Test to Learn:

  • Refine ideas with feedback through experimentation
  • Craft a compelling story to inspire others to do better

Performance Indicators and Design Thinking:

  • Design thinking should focus entirely on consumer needs
  • Key performance indicators are crucial for improving business

Design Thinking as a Concept of Competitive Advantage:

  • Design Thinking is about creating service or business strategies to handle organizational problems

Achieving Competitive Advantage:

  • Understanding the competitive advantage means giving a base to understanding and introducing a change when taking ease from rivals on issues

Major Outcomes:

  • One major outcome can be the direct impact on consumer experience and secondary, succeeding competitive advantage
  • One must consider customer service, goods, custumes vs. customes

Competitive Advantage:

  • It enables a company to be superior to the customer compared to other choices

Competitive Advantage Through CA:

  • This works by changing 3 mindsets of the company in the following criteria:
    • Desirability:
      • This asks what makes sense to the people
    • Feasibility:
      • What is technically and conceptually possible in the near future?
    • Viability:
      • What is likely to become a more sustainable business solution for a complex problem?
      • Communicate true value to the business world
    • Identify your target market, by really understanding your customer
    • Know your competition well

Entrepreneurial Mindset Needs:

  • The entrepreneurial spirit needs design thinking and innovation
  • It speaks of simple characters or features entrepreneurs need to have before thinking of entering into the dynamic business environment
  • Below is what focuses on creativity and improved products or services
  • Vision
  • Innovation
  • Risk
  • Management

Visionary Needs:

  • Entrepreneurs need to very clear about business goals, with definite objectives
  • Visions should be supported by innovation to stand out

Market Assessment for Adding Value Outside Business:

  • One should along with uncertainty factor risk as results

Mgt or organisation:

  • This character of entrepreneurship helps handle innovation as a value - added business output

Opportunity Assessment & Opportunity Window:

  • Dynamic business means physical goods, service through strategies and practices to add value to the business, the window can be a critical tool needs assessment

Design Thinking Opportunity Assessment:

  • Look for the viable following principles/ criteria/or methodes

Analysing User:

  • Based on closed / open questions, identify unmet needs or points
  • Fill in market and where innovative has enhance
  • Identify what needs unqieness
  • Customer survey, systems
  • Market, identifying through benaviours or enhanced tech for product

Competitive Analysis:

  • By thoroughly understaind, evaluate concepts and proper study to find feasibility

Dimensional (3D) for Business:

  • fit consider as besit guiding faction for enhancement, includes what factor criteria
  • Product market fit
  • product company fir -Product buisness fir
  • By considertions for recmarize aligns

Product Market Fit:

  • Whether by addressing the product, and what market compilation customer need

Product Company Fit:

  • How the line product and expertise

Product Business Fit:

  • What compaines financial strategy for potential

"Go or No Go" Recommendation:

  • Asses oppotunties and following
    • Market size
    • Landscape -Feedback
    • Capability and necessary skills

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Related Documents

design thinking u1.pdf

Description

Test your knowledge of machine learning concepts. This quiz covers supervised vs. unsupervised learning, validation sets, regularization techniques, PCA, and the bias-variance tradeoff. Ideal for students and professionals.

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