mAb Therapeutics: Top Drugs 2023

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a common characteristic of monoclonal antibody (mAb) production methods?

Employment of patient-derived cells for monoclonal production

Involvement of chemical synthesis of proteins

Utilization of hybridoma technology (correct)

Use of live attenuated viruses for efficacy

What is the primary mechanism of action of TNF inhibitors in cancer therapy?

Neutralizing tumor necrosis factor (correct)

Inhibiting the activation of T-cells

Directly killing cancer cells

Blocking tumor angiogenesis

Which role do PD-1 and PD-L1 play in cancer immunotherapy?

They are responsible for producing antibodies

They inhibit T-cell activation and promote tolerance (correct)

They promote tumor growth by activating T-cells

They enhance immune response against tumors

What is a common adverse effect associated with monoclonal antibody treatments?

Infusion-related reactions Signup and view all the answers

How does the success of monoclonal antibodies in cancer treatment compare to traditional therapies?

They have become the most successful cancer treatments Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant advantage of single-chain antibodies derived from camelids?

They are easy to express. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs)?

To concentrate the drug locally at tumor sites. Signup and view all the answers

How do trastuzumab (Herceptin) and cetuximab (Erbitux) function in cancer therapy?

They block specific growth signals. Signup and view all the answers

What cellular components do many Ab-fragments target to minimize non-specific binding?

Fc receptors on various immune cells. Signup and view all the answers

What type of diseases are most monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapeutics typically developed for?

Immunological diseases and cancers. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an attributed challenge associated with monoclonal antibody treatments?

They may elicit adverse immune responses. Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism by which PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors help in cancer immunotherapy?

They enhance T-cell activation and function. Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates single-chain antibodies from conventional antibodies?

They consist only of heavy chains. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which Rituximab helps to eliminate cancer cells?

Triggering NK cell-mediated ADCC Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key characteristic of bispecific antibodies?

They can redirect T cells to tumor cells. Signup and view all the answers

What role does TNF play in psoriasis, according to the document?

It is a pro-inflammatory cytokine found in elevated levels. Signup and view all the answers

What is a limitation of most monoclonal antibodies mentioned in the content?

They cannot penetrate the cell’s plasma membrane. Signup and view all the answers

How does the Bispecific T Cell Engager (BiTE) activate T cells?

By attaching to tumor cells and activating CD3. Signup and view all the answers

What type of diseases can monoclonal antibodies like Ibritumomab and Gemtuzumab treat?

Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and leukemia Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following adverse effects is commonly associated with monoclonal antibodies?

Immediate hypersensitivity reactions Signup and view all the answers

What is the FDA-approved trade name for Adalimumab?

Humira Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

mAb Therapeutics Overview

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are crucial in treating cancer and immunological diseases, surpassing traditional chemotherapy and radiotherapy over the past two decades.
In 2023, top-selling mAb drugs included pembrolizumab, adalizumab, and others, with Herceptin (trastuzumab) treatment for one year costing approximately US$70,000.
Over 1.2 million women have received Herceptin for early-stage HER2-positive breast cancer.

Indications and Growth

mAb therapeutics primarily target cancer and immunological diseases.
The Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) highlights the rapid expansion of mAb applications in recent years.

Mechanism of Action

mAbs block growth signals (e.g., trastuzumab interacts with HER2/neu receptors) and enhance visibility of cancer cells to the immune system (e.g., rituximab binds to CD20 on B cells).
ADCs (antibody-drug conjugates) concentrate drugs at the target location using a monoclonal antibody linked to radioactive or toxic agents.

Unique Characteristics of Antibodies

Camelid-derived antibodies, known for their stability, lack a light chain, allowing them to bind effectively at the antigen-binding region.
Bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) can recognize two different epitopes, enabling novel therapeutic strategies by redirecting T cells or blocking multiple pathways simultaneously.

Targeted Technology

The Bispecific T Cell Engager (BiTE) uses short chain variable fragments (scFv) linked by a flexible linker to activate T cells against tumor cells.
Most mAbs are external targets, as they generally cannot penetrate the cell membrane.

Anti-TNF mAbs Specifics

Adalimumab, branded as Humira, was the first FDA-approved anti-TNF mAb.
Psoriasis affects 1%-3% of the general population, characterized by high levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in affected skin lesions.

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Description

Explore the latest in monoclonal antibody therapeutics with a focus on the top 10 drugs by sales in 2023. This quiz highlights the significance of Herceptin and other leading treatments in oncology, specifically targeting HER2-positive breast cancer. Test your knowledge on drug costs, efficacy, and patient outcomes.