معرفة أصل الألف في الفعل

Punctuation Marks (Arabic)

• Punctuation in Arabic writing involves using specific symbols between words or sentences to define separation, pauses, starting points, different tones, and communicative purposes.
• This facilitates understanding for the writer while writing, and for the reader while reading.
• Arabs adopted punctuation from other languages approximately a century ago.
• New marks and signs were added later.

Main Punctuation Marks

• Comma (,) also called a virgule or shola (،)
• Semicolon (؛)
• Full stop (.)
• Colon (:)
• Hyphen (-)
• Two hyphens (--)
• Underscore (.)
• Question mark (?)
• Exclamation mark (!)
• Ellipsis (...)
• Quotation marks (« »)
• Parentheses (( ))
• Brackets [ ]
• Braces ({ })
• Angle brackets < >
• Slash (/)
• Backslash ()

Importance of Punctuation

• Enhances reader comprehension, improving understanding of meanings and intentions, and clarifying structures during reading.
• Example: "How beautiful the sky is." vs. "How beautiful the sky is!" vs. "How beautiful is the sky?"
• Distinguishes different types of sentences.
• Indicates sentence division and phrase segmentation, and pauses.
• This improves delivery and its quality.
• Expedites reading by preventing unnecessary time spent on comprehending sentences that would have been easier to understand if their divisions and components were clearly separated or connected using marks clarifying their purpose and goals.
• The time required by a reader to understand a marked text is much shorter than that required for an unmarked one.
• For the writer, punctuation is akin to hand gestures, emotional expressions, and vocal tones used during speech to add precision and authenticity to the message.
• It can be seen as equivalent to traffic signals that regulate traffic flow and road signs that prevent travelers from getting lost.
• Organizes content, enhances its language, and improves presentation. This leads to an attractive presentation making it enjoyable for readers.

Example Uses of Commas

• Separating complete sentences that together convey a specific meaning. Example: "Mohammed is a well-mannered student, he does not upset anyone, he does not lie, and he does not neglect his studies."
• Separating short independent clauses that describe different meanings. Example: "Honesty is a virtue, dishonesty a vice, envy a flaw."
• Separating subclauses or similar phrases
• Listing items or categories
• Following a vocative (a term of address). Example: "Oh, Ahmad, do your homework diligently."
• Separating a conditional clause from its consequence if the conditional clause is long
• Separating a vow from its consequence

Example Uses of Semicolons

• Connecting sentences in which the second is a cause or consequence of the first. Example: "Do not associate with the wicked, because the company of the wicked leads to ruin."
• Connecting sentences in which the second is a cause or result of the first. Example: "The student studied hard; therefore, he was top of his class."
• Separating clauses in a long sentence. Example: "The issue with schools isn't the dryness of curriculums or the low level of students or long school days; rather, the problem lies in students' lack of motivation to study."
• Separating connected clauses with a conjunction. Example: "The wise person earns their bread with the sweat of their brow, while the foolish person is a burden on others."

Example Uses of Other Punctuation Marks (Colon, Full Stop, Exclamation Mark, etc.)

• Colon (:)

  • to introduce examples or explanations

• Full Stop (.)

  • to end complete sentences

• Exclamation Mark (!)

  • to show strong emotion. Example: "How harsh is the injustice of close relations" or "Goodness, how lucky these poetic geniuses are!"

• Ellipsis (...)

  • to indicate omissions in quoted material

• Quotation Marks (« »)

  • to mark quoted material

• Parentheses ( )

  • to enclose supplementary information or explanations

Punctuation and Numbers/Dates/Abbreviations

• Punctuation marks are placed immediately next to the preceding word, with no spaces, in most cases.
• This is true for numbers, dates, and abbreviations.
• Examples of usage are given in the text.

Arabic Letter "Alif": (قصيرة/ممدودة)

• "Alif" (ألف) has two forms:
  • Short "Alif" (قصيرَة): resembles the letter "yeh" (ي), used at the end of words.
  • Long "Alif" (ممدودة): written as a separate letter, used at the end of words.
• Rules for differentiating short and long "Alif" (قصيرة/ممدودة) are presented, including examples from nouns, verbs, and letters.
• Rules for determining whether "Alif" should be short or long in nouns and verbs are provided with examples.
• Rules for differentiating are explained with examples for nouns and verbs.

Rules for Numbers

• How numbers are used in Arabic sentences and in the context of grammar.
• Rules for choosing the correct form of the number (masculine or feminine) based on the noun it refers to. Examples from the Quran and poetry are provided.
• How compound numbers are handled.
• Rules for numbers 10-99.

Rules for number modifiers (Adjectives used with numbers)

• Rules for using number modifiers (adjective-like words that describe how many).
• Examples from the Quran illustrate the usage and grammar rules of number modifiers.

Rules for Punctuation in Dates/Numbers/Abbreviations

• Punctuation marks are placed immediately next to the preceding word, no spaces, for dates, numbers, and abbreviations.
• Examples are provided in the text.

هذا الاختبار يهدف إلى قياس فهمك لقاعدة معرفة أصل الألف في الفعل وكيفية تطبيقها. سيتم طرح مجموعة من الأسئلة حول الفعل وأصله، بالإضافة إلى تحليل النصوص الشعرية وفهم المعاني. اختبر معرفتك وأدرج المفاهيم البلاغية المطلوبة.