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Questions and Answers
What is the medication classification of glyburide (DiaBeta, Glynase)?
What is the medication classification of glyburide (DiaBeta, Glynase)?
Antihyperglycemic, non-insulin
Another term for epinephrine is:
Another term for epinephrine is:
adrenaline
What does the infundibulum connect?
What does the infundibulum connect?
hypothalamus to pituitary gland
What hormone is secreted by the pancreas and works to regulate body weight, glucose metabolism, and food intake?
What hormone is secreted by the pancreas and works to regulate body weight, glucose metabolism, and food intake?
Insulin resistance acquired during pregnancy is called:
Insulin resistance acquired during pregnancy is called:
Follicular and papillary are the most common forms of what cancer?
Follicular and papillary are the most common forms of what cancer?
Hypersecretion of growth hormone in adulthood causes:
Hypersecretion of growth hormone in adulthood causes:
The condition of excessive thirst is:
The condition of excessive thirst is:
Which hormone stimulates growth of long bones and skeletal muscle and is also involved with glucose metabolism in the body?
Which hormone stimulates growth of long bones and skeletal muscle and is also involved with glucose metabolism in the body?
Excessive calcium in the blood is:
Excessive calcium in the blood is:
Enlargement of the thyroid gland is called:
Enlargement of the thyroid gland is called:
Total lack of insulin production, with symptoms of polydipsia, polyphagia, polyuria, blurred vision, fatigue, and frequent infections, is:
Total lack of insulin production, with symptoms of polydipsia, polyphagia, polyuria, blurred vision, fatigue, and frequent infections, is:
Deficiency of sodium in the blood is:
Deficiency of sodium in the blood is:
When the blood glucose level is higher than normal but not enough to be classed as type 2 diabetes, the condition is called:
When the blood glucose level is higher than normal but not enough to be classed as type 2 diabetes, the condition is called:
What hormone stimulates the kidneys to reabsorb water and return it to circulation?
What hormone stimulates the kidneys to reabsorb water and return it to circulation?
What hormone stimulates the development of breasts and the female secondary sexual characteristics?
What hormone stimulates the development of breasts and the female secondary sexual characteristics?
Gonadocorticoids, glucocorticoids, and mineralocorticoids are secreted by the adrenal cortex.
Gonadocorticoids, glucocorticoids, and mineralocorticoids are secreted by the adrenal cortex.
The adrenal glands are located below the kidneys.
The adrenal glands are located below the kidneys.
What is also known as tissue hormones and work in local areas to help regulate processes such as respiration, blood pressure, and digestive system secretions?
What is also known as tissue hormones and work in local areas to help regulate processes such as respiration, blood pressure, and digestive system secretions?
Excessive sugar in the blood is:
Excessive sugar in the blood is:
This term is defined as an excessive appetite:
This term is defined as an excessive appetite:
Deficiency of sugar in the blood is:
Deficiency of sugar in the blood is:
Which is a procedure that uses a radioactive iodine tracer to measure the uptake of iodine in the thyroid?
Which is a procedure that uses a radioactive iodine tracer to measure the uptake of iodine in the thyroid?
The hypophysis is also termed the master gland.
The hypophysis is also termed the master gland.
Which hormone stimulates milk production in the breast?
Which hormone stimulates milk production in the breast?
What condition is caused from hypersecretion of ADH and leads to water retention, hyponatremia, and weight gain?
What condition is caused from hypersecretion of ADH and leads to water retention, hyponatremia, and weight gain?
Androgens are:
Androgens are:
Hyposecretion of adrenal cortisol causing low back pain, low blood pressure, and electrolyte imbalance is _____ disease.
Hyposecretion of adrenal cortisol causing low back pain, low blood pressure, and electrolyte imbalance is _____ disease.
Which statement is correct?
Which statement is correct?
Michelle called her physician's office with complaints of painful urination. She has:
Michelle called her physician's office with complaints of painful urination. She has:
UTIs frequently are caused by E. coli.
UTIs frequently are caused by E. coli.
What is a condition of sugar in the urine?
What is a condition of sugar in the urine?
Many collecting ducts empty into this structure. What is the plural form of the structure discussed?
Many collecting ducts empty into this structure. What is the plural form of the structure discussed?
What occurs during secretion?
What occurs during secretion?
Polycystic kidney disease is an inherited defect.
Polycystic kidney disease is an inherited defect.
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Study Notes
Medication and Hormone Classifications
- Glyburide (DiaBeta, Glynase) is classified as an antihyperglycemic, non-insulin medication.
- Epinephrine is also known as adrenaline, a critical hormone in the fight-or-flight response.
Endocrine System Overview
- The infundibulum connects the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland, playing a crucial role in hormone regulation.
- Ghrelin, secreted by the pancreas, regulates body weight, glucose metabolism, and food intake.
- Gestational diabetes refers to insulin resistance acquired during pregnancy.
Cancer and Growth Disorders
- The most common forms of thyroid cancer are follicular and papillary thyroid carcinoma.
- Acromegaly is the result of hypersecretion of growth hormone in adulthood.
Symptoms and Conditions
- Polydipsia is the medical term for excessive thirst.
- Growth hormone (GH) stimulates the growth of long bones and skeletal muscle and is involved in glucose metabolism.
- Hypercalcemia indicates excessive calcium in the blood, while hyponatremia signifies a deficiency of sodium.
- Type 1 diabetes is characterized by a total lack of insulin production with symptoms such as polydipsia, polyphagia, and fatigue.
Hormones and Gland Functions
- A goiter refers to the enlargement of the thyroid gland.
- Antidiuretic hormone prompts the kidneys to reabsorb water.
- Estrogen stimulates the development of breasts and female secondary sexual characteristics.
- Gonadocorticoids, glucocorticoids, and mineralocorticoids are secreted by the adrenal cortex, confirming their critical role in bodily functions.
Physiological Facts
- The adrenal glands are located atop each kidney, not below them.
- Prostaglandins, known as tissue hormones, help regulate processes like respiration and blood pressure in local areas.
- Hyperglycemia indicates excessive sugar in the blood, while hypoglycemia indicates a deficiency of sugar.
Renal and Urinary Considerations
- Glycosuria refers to the presence of sugar in urine.
- RAIU is a procedure that employs a radioactive iodine tracer to measure iodine uptake in the thyroid.
- The plural form of calyx, a structure related to the collecting ducts of the kidneys, is calyces.
- Secretion involves the movement of substances like hydrogen, potassium, and drugs from blood into filtrate, with aldosterone enhancing potassium secretion.
Health Conditions
- SIADH results from hypersecretion of ADH leading to water retention and hyponatremia.
- Addison's disease is characterized by the hyposecretion of adrenal cortisol, causing symptoms like low blood pressure and back pain.
- Polycystic kidney disease is an inherited defect affecting kidney function.
- Urinary tract infections are commonly caused by E. coli.
Miscellaneous
- Dysuria denotes painful urination, which may signal an underlying issue.
- During pregnancy, the kidney's filtration rate increases, reflecting physiological changes, while in older adults, this rate decreases.
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