Sleep and seizures
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Questions and Answers

What role do clock genes play in the human genome?

  • They are solely responsible for the production of melatonin.
  • They control the sensory perceptions of the brain.
  • They are involved in the synchronization of metabolic processes and physiological rhythms. (correct)
  • They primarily regulate mood and emotional responses.

    • What is the term used to describe external cues that help synchronize intrinsic biological rhythms?

  • Chronobiotic signals
  • Zeitgebers (correct)
  • Biological enhancers
  • Circadian regulators

    • What is the process called when normal brain tissue transforms into a hyperexcitable network?

  • Seizure propagation
  • Neuronal plasticity
  • Epileptogenesis (correct)
  • Hypersynchronization

    • How does disrupted sleep cycles relate to health risks?

    <p>It increases the risk of cardiometabolic disorders and certain types of cancer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors is NOT considered a precipitating factor for seizures?

    <p>Genetic predisposition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a notable effect of feeding during active phases of the day?

    <p>It results in improved insulin sensitivity and reduced adiposity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What physiological change facilitates the spread of activation to surrounding neurons during a seizure?

    <p>Accumulation of K+ outside the neuron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic of melatonin allows it to diffuse across cell membranes?

    <p>Its amphipathic nature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of neuronal change corresponds to the long-lasting depolarization caused by an influx of extracellular calcium?

    <p>Paroxysmal depolarization shift</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the role of NMDA receptor activation during seizures?

    <p>It enhances the facilitation of neurotransmitter release.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the main themes discussed in the papers authored by Rijo-Ferreira and Takahashi regarding sleep disturbances?

    <p>Circadian disruption caused by sleeping sickness infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does melatonin influence cell death and inflammation according to the findings of Tarocco et al.?

    <p>It regulates mechanisms that can mitigate cell death and inflammation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is mentioned in relation to reproductive health and sleep according to Lateef and Akintubosun?

    <p>Prolactin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of sleep architecture is highlighted in the research on sleeping sickness?

    <p>The cyclical nature of sleep stages disrupted by infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the research, which of the following best describes the relationship between daylight sleep and immune regulation?

    <p>The immune system shows a stronger response during nocturnal sleep than during daylight sleep.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is NOT commonly associated with seizures in neonates or infants?

    <p>Cerebrovascular disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant contributing factor to provoke seizures in individuals with generalized epilepsy?

    <p>Sleep deprivation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Neurocysticercosis is primarily caused by which organism?

    <p>Taenia solium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What age group is most likely to experience seizures due to febrile responses?

    <p>Early childhood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which metabolic disturbance is a potential cause for seizures across all age groups?

    <p>Hypoglycemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What mechanism is attributed to the prolonged survival of Taenia solium larval cysts in the brain?

    <p>Complex immune evasion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of Gripper and Welburn's 2017 systematic review regarding neurocysticercosis?

    <p>The causal relationship between neurocysticercosis infection and epilepsy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pathological change is associated with the symptoms of neurocysticercosis?

    <p>Increased BBB permeability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mechanism is primarily associated with the initiation and propagation of seizures?

    <p>Neuronal hyperexcitability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary neurological etiology for new cases of epilepsy in individuals over 65 years old?

    <p>Cerebrovascular disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of sleep does Nobili et al. highlight as having a reciprocal relationship with epilepsy?

    <p>Effects of epilepsy on sleep structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is NOT typically associated with the impact of epilepsy on sleep quality?

    <p>Enhanced REM sleep quality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of gut microbiota, which aspect is discussed regarding its influence on metabolism?

    <p>Microbial metabolites acting as signaling molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines the onset of seizures in patients with neurocysticercosis?

    <p>Symptoms correlate with parasitic load and location</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Irwin's perspective on sleep, what is considered a key outcome of adequate sleep?

    <p>Enhanced immune response and overall health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement aligns with the findings regarding epilepsy and sleep discussed by Nobili et al.?

    <p>Sleep disturbances increase seizure frequency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is suggested about genetic predisposition in the context of neurocysticercosis and epilepsy?

    <p>There could be a potential link that merits further investigation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is identified as a critical factor in the microbial control of chronometabolism?

    <p>Interaction between host circadian rhythms and gut bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes focal seizures with intact awareness?

    <p>Can involve sensory changes or emotional experiences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a unique feature of typical absence seizures?

    <p>Occur as frequent as 100 times per day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of a generalized tonic-clonic seizure involves muscle contraction and possible cyanosis?

    <p>Tonic phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes atypical absence seizures from typical absence seizures?

    <p>Involve longer and more gradual lapses of consciousness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In focal seizures with impaired awareness, what behavior might be exhibited?

    <p>Automatism causing involuntary behaviors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which seizure type is characterized by sudden loss of postural control without post-ictal confusion?

    <p>Atonic seizure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT typically associated with generalized tonic-clonic seizures?

    <p>Impaired awareness prior to the seizure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential cause of myoclonic seizures?

    <p>Anoxic brain injury or metabolic disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what situation might a patient experience paresis after a focal seizure?

    <p>When the seizure starts in the motor cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of generalized seizures typically leads to excessive salivation during the postictal phase?

    <p>Tonic phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

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