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Lymphoma and Immunology Basics

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Questions and Answers

What is the main characteristic of lymphoma?

It originates in the gastrointestinal tract

It affects the lymphatic system (correct)

It is a type of leukemia

It primarily affects the bone marrow

What are the two main types of lymphoma?

Acute lymphoblastic lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic lymphoma

Burkitt lymphoma and T-cell lymphoma

Follicular lymphoma and mantle cell lymphoma

Hodgkin lymphoma and nonHodgkin lymphoma (correct)

What are proto-oncogenes responsible for in normal cells?

Causing cell death

Inducing apoptosis in cancer cells

Preventing cancer from developing

Regulating cell growth and division (correct)

What is the annual incidence of Hodgkin lymphoma in the western world?

3 cases per 100000 person Signup and view all the answers

What is the contagious spread characteristic of Hodgkin lymphoma?

It spreads through the peripheral lymph nodes Signup and view all the answers

What is the key mechanism for cell death mentioned in the text?

Mitochondrial permeability transition-driven necrosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common type of Hodgkin lymphoma?

Nodular sclerosis Signup and view all the answers

Which virus is found to infect B-cells and contribute to the pathogenesis of Hodgkin lymphoma?

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) Signup and view all the answers

What contributes to the conversion of normal B-cells to malignant HRS cells in Hodgkin lymphoma?

Expression of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) key transcription factors Signup and view all the answers

What is the key mechanism in the survival of HRS cells in Hodgkin lymphoma?

Ability to secrete different cytokines and chemokines Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of tumors associated with Hodgkin lymphoma is made up of activated normal immune cells?

99% Signup and view all the answers

Which type of lymphoma is characterized by the absence of HRS cells and is considered less common and more dangerous than Hodgkin lymphoma?

B-cell derived non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) Signup and view all the answers

What are the signs and symptoms commonly associated with lymphoma?

Unexplained fever and swollen abdomen Signup and view all the answers

What advanced test can determine if lymphoma cells are present and what types of cells are involved?

Positron emission tomography (PET) scan Signup and view all the answers

In which type of biopsy procedure, all or part of a lymph node is removed for laboratory testing?

Excisional biopsy Signup and view all the answers

What should your doctor check for during a physical exam for diagnosing lymphoma?

Swollen lymph nodes and swollen spleen or liver Signup and view all the answers