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Questions and Answers
What are the classifications of lymphoid neoplasms?
Precursor B cell Neoplasm, Peripheral B cell Neoplasm, Precursor T cell Neoplasm, Peripheral T cell Neoplasm, Hodgkin Lymphoma
Which of the following are common types of Hodgkin lymphoma? (Select all that apply)
The Reed-Sternberg cell is found in Hodgkin lymphoma.
True
What are the constitutional symptoms observed in disseminated Hodgkin lymphoma?
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Hodgkin lymphoma arises from ______ cells.
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Match the following characteristics with the types of Hodgkin lymphoma:
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What causes filariasis?
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Which of these features is most strikingly associated with filariasis?
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Humans are the only definitive hosts for Wuchereria bancrofti.
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The infective form of Wuchereria bancrofti that penetrates human skin is the __________.
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What is the mode of transmission for filariasis?
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What is the primary clinical finding associated with the obstruction of lymphatic vessels due to adult worms?
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Which medication is effective against microfilariae in filariasis?
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What is a common symptom of tropical pulmonary eosinophilia?
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Where does filariasis primarily occur?
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The primary method of preventing filariasis is through __________ control.
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Study Notes
Filariasis (Elephantiasis)
- Filariasis is caused by the parasitic worm Wuchereria bancrofti.
- Elephantiasis is a defining characteristic of filariasis.
- Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia is a hypersensitivity reaction to Wuchereria bancrofti in the lungs.
Life Cycle
- Humans are the only definitive host for Wuchereria bancrofti.
- The intermediate host is the female mosquito, specifically Culex species.
- The infective form is the third-stage filariform larva.
- Transmission occurs when a mosquito carrying the infective larva bites a human.
- The larva penetrates the skin, enters a lymph node, and matures into an adult worm after a year.
- Adult worms produce microfilariae that circulate in the blood, primarily at night.
- Mosquitoes ingest the microfilariae, which develop into infective larvae within the mosquito.
Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
- Adult worms in the lymph nodes cause inflammation and lymphatic blockage, leading to edema.
- Massive edema of the legs is known as elephantiasis.
- Early infections are often asymptomatic.
- Symptoms like fever, lymphangitis, and cellulitis can develop in later stages.
- Lymphatic blockage leads to edema and fibrosis of the legs and genitalia, particularly the scrotum.
- Elephantiasis typically occurs in individuals with repeated infections over prolonged periods.
Filarial Fever
- Filarial fever is another clinical syndrome.
- It is characterized by acute, self-limiting fever episodes, frequently without apparent lymphangitis or lymphadenopathy.
- Its lack of associated features often leads to confusion with other tropical fever causes, like malaria.
Tropical Pulmonary Eosinophilia
- Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia features coughing and wheezing, particularly at night.
- Symptoms stem from microfilariae in the lungs triggering an immediate hypersensitivity response.
- This response is characterized by elevated IgE levels and eosinophilia.
Epidemiology
- The disease is prevalent in tropical regions of Africa, Asia, and Latin America.
- The mosquito species responsible for transmission varies geographically.
Laboratory Diagnosis
- Thick blood smears taken from patients at night can reveal microfilariae.
- Serological tests are not helpful for diagnosis.
Treatment
- Diethylcarbamazine effectively targets microfilariae, but no drug therapy exists for adult worms.
- Treatment of Wuchereria infections significantly reduces the number of microfilariae in the patient.
Prevention
- Prevention focuses on mosquito control using insecticides.
- Protective clothing, mosquito netting, and repellents are also recommended.
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Description
Test your knowledge on lymphoid neoplasms and the various types of Hodgkin lymphoma. This quiz covers essential characteristics, symptoms, and classifications related to Hodgkin lymphoma. Understand the role of Reed-Sternberg cells and the constitutional symptoms observed in the disease.
