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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of GALT (Gut Associated Lymphatic Tissue)?
What is the primary function of GALT (Gut Associated Lymphatic Tissue)?
Which of the following is NOT a type of MALT (Mucosa Associated Lymphatic Tissue)?
Which of the following is NOT a type of MALT (Mucosa Associated Lymphatic Tissue)?
Where are lymphatic nodules typically found?
Where are lymphatic nodules typically found?
What is the primary function of the thymus?
What is the primary function of the thymus?
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Which of the following is an example of a secondary lymphoid organ?
Which of the following is an example of a secondary lymphoid organ?
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What is the term for the lymphatic tissue associated with the bronchi?
What is the term for the lymphatic tissue associated with the bronchi?
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What is the term for the lymphatic tissue associated with the skin?
What is the term for the lymphatic tissue associated with the skin?
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Which of the following organs is NOT part of the immune system?
Which of the following organs is NOT part of the immune system?
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What is the main characteristic of the endothelium in lymph capillaries and vessels?
What is the main characteristic of the endothelium in lymph capillaries and vessels?
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What is similar between the structure of larger lymph vessels and veins?
What is similar between the structure of larger lymph vessels and veins?
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What is one of the functions of lymph vessels?
What is one of the functions of lymph vessels?
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What helps to maintain luminal patency in lymphatic capillaries?
What helps to maintain luminal patency in lymphatic capillaries?
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What is the main function of B cells?
What is the main function of B cells?
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Where do lymphocytes originate and develop?
Where do lymphocytes originate and develop?
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What type of immune cells are responsible for presenting antigens to T cells?
What type of immune cells are responsible for presenting antigens to T cells?
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What is the main function of lymph vessels in terms of fluid homeostasis?
What is the main function of lymph vessels in terms of fluid homeostasis?
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What is the primary function of the lymphatic vascular system?
What is the primary function of the lymphatic vascular system?
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What is the role of macrophages in lymph nodes?
What is the role of macrophages in lymph nodes?
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What is the direction of lymph flow?
What is the direction of lymph flow?
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What is the composition of lymph?
What is the composition of lymph?
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What is the role of the lymphatic system in regulating fluid homeostasis?
What is the role of the lymphatic system in regulating fluid homeostasis?
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What is the function of the thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct?
What is the function of the thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct?
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What is the characteristic of lymph capillaries?
What is the characteristic of lymph capillaries?
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What is the role of the lymphatic system in regulating immune response?
What is the role of the lymphatic system in regulating immune response?
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Study Notes
Lymphatic Vascular System
- The endothelium in lymph capillaries and vessels is extremely thin, allowing greater permeability.
- The structure of larger lymph vessels is similar to that of veins, except that their walls are much thinner.
- Lymph vessels bring lymphocytes, fatty acids, and immunoglobulins to the systemic bloodstream.
Lymph Movement
- Contractions of surrounding skeletal muscles force lymph to move forward.
- Lymph vessels contain more valves to prevent a backflow of collected lymph.
- Lymph vessels are found in all tissues except the central nervous system, cartilage, bone, bone marrow, thymus, placenta, and teeth.
Lymphatic Capillaries
- Lymphatic capillaries are thin-walled vessels that begin as blind-ended channels adjacent to capillary beds, where they collect lymph.
- They are composed of a single layer of attenuated endothelial cells that lack fenestrae and fasciae occludentes.
- They possess a sparse basal lamina.
- Lymph enters these leaky capillaries via spaces between overlapping endothelial cells.
- Small lymphatic anchoring filaments between the surrounding connective tissue and the abluminal plasma membrane assist in maintaining luminal patency in these delicate vessels.
Lymphocytes
- Lymphocytes can be classified into three major types based on their immunologic functions: B lymphocytes (B cells), T lymphocytes (T cells), and Null cells.
- B cells and T cells are the two main cell types found in lymphoid organs.
- Lymphocytes originate in the bone marrow and develop and mature in primary lymphoid organs.
Immune Cells
- Other immune cells include macrophages, monocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, dendritic cells, and Langerhans cells.
- B cells are both antigen-presenting and antigen-receiving cells.
Lymphatic Tissue
- Diffuse lymphatic tissue, GALT (Gut Associated Lymphatic Tissue), MALT (Mucosa Associated Lymphatic Tissue), BALT (bronchus-associated lymphatic tissue), and lymphatic nodules are types of lymphatic tissue.
- Lymphatic nodules are usually found in structures associated with the alimentary canal, such as the tonsils, ileum, and vermiform appendix.
Tonsils
- Pharyngeal tonsils, palatine tonsils, and lingual tonsils are types of tonsils.
- Tonsils are composed of lymphatic tissue.
Organs of the Immune System
- Primary lymphoid organs: thymus and bone marrow.
- Secondary lymphoid organs: lymph nodes, spleen, MALT, GALT, NALT, BALT, CALT, and urogenital tract.
Functions of the Lymphatic System
- Collects plasma continuously leaking out from blood vessels into the interstitial spaces and returns it to the blood (after filtration).
- Regulates both immune and fluid homeostasis.
- Passively collects lymph, excess tissue fluid, and proteins from the intercellular spaces of the connective tissue and returns it into the venous portion of the blood vascular system.
- Lymph is a clear fluid and an ultrafiltrate of the blood plasma.
- Numerous lymph nodes are located along the route of the lymph vessels, where they filter the lymph and engulf any foreign microorganisms and suspended matter.
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Description
Learn about the structure and function of the lymphatic vascular system, including the endothelium, lymph vessels, and lymph movement.
