Lymphatic System Overview and Functions

<p>Lymph nodes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Spleen and lymph nodes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They increase or decrease production of certain blood proteins. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Innate response is nonspecific and activated by antigens, while adaptive is antigen-specific and slower. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Formation of IgM-IgG complexes deposited in joints. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They activate the complement cascade causing inflammation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It comprises primary, secondary, and tertiary lymphoid organs, crucial for immune function. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They recognize and bind to antigens to become activated. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Immunoglobulins (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Persistent inflammatory stimulus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To control cell migration within the body (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adrenaline (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Activation of B- and T-cells to fight foreign bodies (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tumor Necrosis Factor (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prostaglandins (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To convey lymph and support the immune system (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thymus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Haematopoietic stem cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Attacking bacteria and foreign bodies (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It treats certain types of cancer effectively. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lacteals (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lymphocytes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They enable self-renewal and differentiation of stem cells. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>B-lymphocytes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Follicle (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transport antigens across the epithelium (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Turgor (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They engulf and destroy the invaders. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They attract neutrophils to the area. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To generate microenvironments for returning lymphoid cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A barely organized cluster of lymphoid cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A network of vessels and nodes that collect and transport lymph fluid throughout the body.

The primary lymphoid organs are the bone marrow and the thymus. These are where immune cells develop and mature.

The bone marrow is the primary site for the production of all blood cells, including immune cells.

The thymus is where T lymphocytes (T cells) mature and learn to recognize and attack foreign invaders.

Secondary lymphoid organs are where immune responses are initiated and carried out. They include lymph nodes, spleen, and tonsils.

Lymph nodes are small, bean-shaped organs that filter lymph fluid and house immune cells, especially lymphocytes.

The spleen is a large organ responsible for filtering blood, removing old red blood cells, and storing white blood cells.

Tonsils are located in the throat and are responsible for trapping pathogens that enter through the nose and mouth.

The thymus is a specialized organ where T-cell development is completed through selection processes. T-cell precursors travel from the bone marrow to the thymus via the blood and undergo various developmental stages within unique microenvironments. This specialized environment allows T-cells to generate unique antigen receptors and be selected based on their reactivity to self MHC-peptide complexes expressed on stromal cells.

The spleen is a key organ in organizing the immune response against blood-borne pathogens. It receives antigens via the splenic artery. The spleen has three main regions: the red pulp, where red blood cells are destroyed; the white pulp (Peri-arteriolar Lymphoid Sheath, or PALS), where T-cells and B-cells reside; and the marginal zone, which traps antigens.

Lymph nodes are highly dedicated to regulating the immune response and are the first organized structure to encounter antigens. They are connected to both blood and lymph vessels and are densely populated with lymphocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells.

MHC stands for Major Histocompatibility Complex. It is a set of genes that code for proteins found on the surface of cells. These proteins, known as MHC molecules, present fragments of antigens to T-cells, allowing the immune system to recognize and respond to foreign invaders.

Region of the lymph node containing lymphocytes (B cells), macrophages, and follicular dendritic cells.

Specialized area within the lymph node that provides a microenvironment for B cell development and maturation.

Area of the lymph node where T lymphocytes and dendritic cells (migrated from tissue) are concentrated.

The inner region of the lymph node, where lymphocytes exit after activation by antigens.

A collection of lymphoid tissues found in mucosal membranes that organize an immune response to antigens entering the body.

Specialized epithelial cells present in MALT that transport antigens across the epithelium, triggering an immune response.

Newly formed lymphoid tissues that develop at sites of infection, providing a local immune response.

A process involving the body's defense system that occurs in response to tissue damage or infection, characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain.

The body's immediate, non-specific defense against infection. Recognizes pathogens through innate immune receptors, triggering rapid responses like inflammation and phagocytosis.

A specific immune response that targets particular pathogens. It involves lymphocytes (T cells and B cells) that learn to recognize and remember specific antigens, leading to a targeted attack.

An autoimmune disorder characterized by chronic inflammation of the joints, affecting the synovial lining. It can also affect other systems like the cardiovascular and respiratory systems.

An immune response triggered by the formation of antigen-antibody complexes. These complexes can deposit in tissues, activating the complement system and leading to inflammation and tissue damage.

The intricate network of vessels and tissues responsible for maintaining fluid balance, filtering waste products, and defending the body against infection.

Molecules that attract and activate immune cells, directing them to the site of an infection or injury.

Signaling molecules secreted by immune cells that regulate various immune processes like inflammation and blood cell production.

A type of immune response characterized by a rapid and intense reaction to infection, injury, or foreign substances. It is a short-term defense mechanism.

A group of lipid molecules involved in inflammation and other physiological processes.

A powerful signaling molecule (cytokine) that triggers inflammation and cell death. It plays a role in both immunity and cancer.

A persistent inflammatory response that can be caused by chronic infections, autoimmune diseases, or other factors. It can lead to tissue damage and disease.