Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which lymphatic structure is not part of Waldeyer's ring?
Which lymphatic structure is not part of Waldeyer's ring?
What is the primary function of lymph capillaries?
What is the primary function of lymph capillaries?
Which lymphatic trunks are considered major in the drainage of the body?
Which lymphatic trunks are considered major in the drainage of the body?
Which statement about the appendix is correct?
Which statement about the appendix is correct?
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Which of the following lymph nodes is primarily responsible for drainage of abdominal organs?
Which of the following lymph nodes is primarily responsible for drainage of abdominal organs?
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What distinguishes efferent lymph vessels from afferent lymph vessels?
What distinguishes efferent lymph vessels from afferent lymph vessels?
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What feature distinguishes the superior border of the spleen?
What feature distinguishes the superior border of the spleen?
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Where is the splenic artery primarily derived from?
Where is the splenic artery primarily derived from?
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What anatomical position corresponds to the medial end of the spleen?
What anatomical position corresponds to the medial end of the spleen?
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Which surface of the spleen is related to the diaphragm, left pleura, and ribs?
Which surface of the spleen is related to the diaphragm, left pleura, and ribs?
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Study Notes
Lymph Nodes
- Axillary lymph nodes: Drain the upper limb and breast.
- Mediastinal lymph nodes: Drain thoracic organs.
- Aortic lymph nodes: Drain abdominal organs.
- Iliac lymph nodes: Drain pelvic organs.
- Inguinal and femoral lymph nodes: Drain lower limbs.
Thymus Gland
- Small, triangular organ located behind the sternum, in front of the heart.
- Grows until puberty, then atrophies.
Spleen
- Largest lymphoid organ in the body, soft, reddish.
- Located in the upper left abdomen, between the stomach and diaphragm.
Surface Anatomy:
- Opposite the 9th, 10th, and 11th ribs.
- Long axis lies along the left 10th rib.
- Medial end is 1.5 inches from the 10th spine, lateral end in the midaxillary line.
- Two ends (medial and lateral), two borders (superior and inferior), and two surfaces (diaphragmatic and visceral).
Borders of the Spleen:
- Superior border: Sharp, notched, with the splenic notch at the lateral end.
- Inferior border: Blunt and rounded, corresponds to the lower margin of the 11th rib.
Surfaces of the Spleen:
- Diaphragmatic surface: Convex, posterior, related to the diaphragm, left pleura and lung, and 9th, 10th, and 11th ribs.
- Visceral surface: Concave, anterior, related to the stomach, tail of pancreas, left colic flexure, and left kidney.
- Marked by the Hilum, which receives the splenic vessels.
Blood Supply of the Spleen:
- Arterial supply: Splenic artery, the largest branch of the celiac artery from the abdominal aorta. Divides into six branches entering the spleen at the hilum.
- Venous Drainage: Splenic vein leaves the hilum, joins the superior mesenteric vein of the intestine to form the portal vein.
Lymphatic Nodules
- Masses of non-capsulated lymphatic tissue.
- Associated with mucous membranes, protecting them from pathogens entering the body.
- Include Waldeyer's ring, Peyer's patches of the intestine, and the appendix.
Waldeyer's Ring of Lymphatic Tissue
- Ring of lymphatic tissue surrounding the openings of the respiratory and digestive systems.
- Consists of:
- Palatine tonsils: Collections of lymphoid tissue on the lateral wall of the oropharynx, lying in the tonsillar fossa, bounded anteriorly by the palatoglossal fold and posteriorly by the palatopharyngeal fold.
- Adenoid (pharyngeal tonsil): Median lymphoid tissue in the roof of the nasopharynx.
- Lingual tonsils: Numerous lymphoid nodules on the posterior 1/3 of the tongue.
- Tubal tonsil: Lymphoid tissue around the opening of the auditory tube in the lateral wall of the nasopharynx.
Peyer's Patches (Tonsils of the Intestine)
- Masses of lymphatic tissue found lining the wall of the ileum of the small intestine.
Appendix
- Wormlike extension of the cecum, 8-10 cm in length.
- Several lymphoid follicles scattered in its mucosa.
- The number of follicles increases between ages 8-20.
- Runs into a peritoneal fold called the mesoappendix.
Lymph Capillaries
- Networks of fine vessels that begin blindly in tissue spaces to drain lymph.
- Drained by small lymph vessels, which unite to form large lymph vessels.
Lymph Vessels (Lymphatics)
- Beaded appearance due to valves along their course.
- Absent in the brain, spinal cord, eyeballs, bone marrow, hyaline cartilage, nails, and hair.
- Afferent lymph vessel: Carries lymph to the lymph nodes.
- Efferent lymph vessel: Carries lymph away from the lymph nodes.
Lymph Trunks & Ducts
- Lymph trunks: Right and left jugular, subclavian trunks, right and left broncho mediastinal, left lumbar, and intestinal trunks.
- Lymph ducts: Thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct.
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Description
This quiz covers the lymphatic system, including lymph nodes and the thymus gland, as well as the anatomy of the spleen. You will learn about the drainage areas of various lymph nodes and key surface anatomy features of the spleen. Perfect for students studying human anatomy and physiology.
