Lymphatic System

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Questions and Answers

How does the presence of non-diffusible solutes contribute to fluid movement in capillaries?

Non-diffusible solutes contribute to osmotic pressure, which 'pulls' fluid across the capillary boundary, helping to reabsorb fluid back into the capillaries.

What happens to interstitial fluid and leaked proteins that are not reabsorbed by blood capillaries?

They are removed by the lymphatic system.

What structural feature of lymphatic capillaries allows them to collect fluid from the interstitial space?

Lymphatic capillaries possess minivalves formed by loose endothelial cell walls that open when interstitial fluid pressure rises.

Describe the role of collagen filaments in the structure of lymphatic capillaries.

<p>Collagen filaments anchor endothelial cells to surrounding structures, allowing for the minivalves to respond effectively to changes in interstitial fluid pressure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of lymph nodes within the lymphatic system?

<p>Lymph nodes cleanse the lymph by acting as filters, removing debris, pathogens, and housing immune cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do T lymphocytes contribute to the function of lymph nodes?

<p>T lymphocytes act directly against virus-infected cells and tumor cells within the lymph nodes, providing a defense mechanism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe one key difference in the maturation process of B cells and T cells.

<p>B cells mature in the bone marrow, while T cells mature in the thymus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the primary role of macrophages within lymph nodes.

<p>Macrophages in lymph nodes destroy microorganisms and debris, helping to cleanse the lymph.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the thymus?

<p>The thymus is the site of T cell maturation, where T lymphocytes become immunocompetent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do tonsils contribute to immune defense?

<p>Tonsils trap bacteria entering through the throat, allowing immune cells to attack those potential pathogens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the path of fluid in the lymphatic system starting from the capillaries.

<p>Fluid filters from blood capillaries into the interstitial space, then enters lymphatic capillaries, passes through lymph nodes, and eventually returns to the bloodstream.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does hydrostatic pressure influence the movement of fluid across capillary walls?

<p>Hydrostatic pressure pushes fluid out of the capillaries and into the interstitial space.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the lymphatic system being a 'one-way' system?

<p>The one-way system ensures that fluid and leaked proteins are returned to the blood, preventing fluid accumulation and maintaining blood volume.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the role of B lymphocytes in the lymph nodes.

<p>B lymphocytes give rise to plasma cells, which produce antibodies to help in defense.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are Peyer's patches, and where are they located?

<p>Peyer's patches are large clusters of lymphoid cells located in the wall of the small intestine that prevent bacteria from breaching the intestinal wall.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the mechanism by which bacteria enter tonsillar crypts, and why this is significant for immune defense.

<p>Bacteria enter tonsillar crypts through the epithelium, allowing immune cells within the lymphoid tissue to encounter and destroy them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the function of the spleen in the lymphatic system.

<p>It provides a site for lymphocyte proliferation, immune surveillance, and macrophages to cleanse the blood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain why fluid circulation in the lymphatic system is slower compared to the circulatory system.

<p>Because the lymphatic system lacks a pump, the circulation relies on muscle contraction and respiration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the structure of the appendix contribute to immune function?

<p>The appendix prevents bacteria from breaching the intestinal wall.</p> Signup and view all the answers

List the three components of the lymphatic system.

<p>Lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, and lymph.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Hydrostatic pressure

Pressure exerted by fluid, pushing it against a boundary.

Osmotic pressure

Pressure due to nondiffusible solutes pulling fluid across a boundary.

Lymphatic system function

Returns leaked fluids from the vascular system back to the blood.

Components of lymphatic system

Lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, and lymph fluid.

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Lymphatic vessels ('Mop up')

Lymphatic vessels collect and return fluid escaping vasculature.

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Lymphatic vessel direction

A one-way transport system that moves fluid towards the heart.

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Areas lacking lymphatic vessels

Bones, teeth, and the central nervous system (CNS).

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Lymphatic 'Minivalves'

Lymphatic capillaries structure with loose endothelial walls acting as one-way valves.

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Lymphatic vessel contents

Interstitial fluid, proteins, cell debris, pathogens, and cancer cells.

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Lymph node

Filters lymph and houses immune cells

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Lymph node defense cells

Macrophages and lymphocytes.

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Primary lymphoid organs

Primary lymphoid organs where lymphocytes mature.

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Primary lymphoid organs list

Bone marrow (B cells) and thymus (T cells).

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Secondary lymphoid organs

Secondary lymphoid organs are where lymphocytes encounter antigens and are activated.

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Thymus Function

Thymus is the site of T cell maturation.

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Lymph Node role

Filter lymph, destroy pathogens, and contain lymphocytes.

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Spleen role

Lymphocyte proliferation and immune surveillance takes place here.

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Tonsil role

Rings of lymphoid tissue around the throat

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Peyer's patches function

Aggregated lymphoid nodules in the small intestine.

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Appendix function

Tubular offshoot of the large intestine.

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Study Notes

  • Hydrostatic pressure is the pressure that pushes fluid.
  • Osmotic pressure is the pressure that pulls fluid.

Lymphatic System Components

  • Returns fluid that has leaked from the vascular system back to the blood.
  • Lymphatic vessels mop up extra fluid escaped from vasculature.
  • It's a one-way system to the heart.
  • It is not in bones, teeth, or the central nervous system (CNS).
  • Lymph nodes cleanse the lymph.
  • Nodes house macrophages and lymphocytes (B and T cells).
  • Tissue is mostly composed of reticular connective tissue.

Lymphoid Organs

  • The structural basis of the immune system and the home base for immune cells.
  • The thymus is where T cells become immunocompetent.
  • Lymph nodes destroy microorganisms, debris, and antigens.
  • The Spleen is the site for lymphocyte proliferation and immune surveillance.
  • Tonsils allow bacteria to enter through tonsillar crypts and travel into lymphoid tissue to be destroyed.
  • Peyer's patches prevent bacteria from breaching the intestinal wall.
  • The appendix prevents bacteria from breaching the intestinal wall.

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