Lymphatic Filariasis Morphology and Life Cycle Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which superfamily do filarial worms belong to?

  • Trematoda
  • Cestoda
  • Filarioidea (correct)
  • Nematoda

    • What is the main mode of transmission for filarial worms?

  • By the bite of blood-sucking insects (correct)
  • Direct contact with infected individuals
  • Airborne droplets
  • Consumption of contaminated food or water

    • Which species of filarial worm causes calabar swellings and allergic reactions in humans?

  • Brugia malayi
  • Onchocerca volvulus
  • Wuchereria bancrofti
  • Loa Loa (correct)

    • What is the characteristic of 'unsheathed' microfilariae?

    <p>They do not have egg membranes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which filarial species is classified under serous cavity filariasis?

    <p>Mansonella ozzardi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Calabar swellings' and allergic reactions are clinical conditions related to which filarial antigen?

    <p>Loa Loa antigen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the condition of elephantiasis by Clarke in 1709 in Cochin?

    <p>Malabar leg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who first observed microfilaria in hydrocoele fluid of a patient from Havana, Cuba in 1863?

    <p>Demarquay</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which physician first reported the presence of microfilariae in chylous urine in 1868?

    <p>Wucherer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who first demonstrated the nocturnal periodicity of microfilariae on peripheral blood?

    <p>Manson</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the adult worms of Wuchereria bancrofti typically found in the human body?

    <p>Lymphatics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which species is considered the definitive host for the microfilaria of Wuchereria bancrofti?

    <p>Humans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the size range of a female adult worm of Wuchereria bancrofti?

    <p>$70-100$ x $0.225$ mm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the microfilaria represents the rudimentary excretory system?

    <p>Anterior V-spot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Nocturnal' microfilaremia in peripheral blood of humans with lymphatic filariasis correlates with what habit of the vector?

    <p>'Correlates with night biting habit'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Diurnal subperiodic' microfilaremia in certain areas correlates with which specific factor?

    <p>'Daytime biting habit'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the life span of microfilaria in the human body if not taken up by a female vector mosquito?

    <p>2-3 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many microfilariae per drop of blood are necessary for infecting a mosquito?

    <p>15</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the typical manifestations caused by adult worms in lymphatic filariasis?

    <p>Block lymph nodes and vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which clinical manifestation is a unique feature of elephantiasis in human filariasis?

    <p>Skin surface coarse with warty excrescences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature of lymphoedema in filariasis?

    <p>Hard and nonpitting edema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is caused by the immune reaction to filarial antigens in occult filariasis?

    <p>Arthritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What count of eosinophils in Tropical Pulmonary Eosinophilia indicates a possible filarial infection?

    <p>&gt;3000 cmm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which laboratory test is used to detect the presence of microfilaria in peripheral blood?

    <p>Demonstration of microfilaria in blood smear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is recommended for the treatment of lymphatic filariasis?

    <p>Diethyl carbamazine (DEC)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Filarial Worms Overview

    • Filarial worms belong to the superfamily Filarioidea.
    • Main mode of transmission for filarial worms is through vector-borne routes, primarily by mosquitoes.

    Specific Filarial Species and Conditions

    • Loa loa causes calabar swellings and allergic reactions in humans.
    • Characteristics of 'unsheathed' microfilariae include an absence of a sheath around the body.
    • Mesocestoides corti is classified under serous cavity filariasis.
    • 'Calabar swellings' and allergic reactions are linked to the antigen from the filarial worm Loa loa.

    Historical Observations in Filarial Research

    • Clarke described elephantiasis in 1709 in Cochin, referring to it as "elephantiasis."
    • William C. B. W. M. Smith first observed microfilaria in hydrocele fluid of a patient from Havana, Cuba in 1863.
    • Dr. Robert M. C. C. Clos first reported the presence of microfilariae in chylous urine in 1868.
    • Sir Ronald Ross first demonstrated nocturnal periodicity of microfilariae in peripheral blood.

    Filarial Worm Habitat and Life Cycle

    • Adult worms of Wuchereria bancrofti are typically found in the lymphatic system of the human body.
    • The definitive host for the microfilaria of Wuchereria bancrofti is the female mosquito.
    • Female adult worms of Wuchereria bancrofti range in size from 8-10 cm.

    Microfilariae Characteristics and Vector Behavior

    • The part of the microfilaria that represents the rudimentary excretory system is the excretory canal.
    • 'Nocturnal' microfilaremia in peripheral blood correlates with the nocturnal feeding habits of the mosquito vector.
    • 'Diurnal subperiodic' microfilaremia in certain areas is linked to environmental factors affecting mosquito behavior.

    Microfilariae Lifespan and Infectivity

    • Microfilariae have a lifespan of approximately 1-2 years in the human body if not taken up by a female vector mosquito.
    • A minimum of 5 microfilariae per drop of blood is necessary for infecting a mosquito.

    Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis

    • A typical manifestation caused by adult worms in lymphatic filariasis is the development of lymphedema.
    • A unique feature of elephantiasis in human filariasis is the thickening of the skin and underlying tissues.
    • A characteristic feature of lymphoedema in filariasis includes swelling in limbs due to impaired lymphatic drainage.

    Immune Response and Laboratory Diagnosis

    • Occult filariasis is caused by immune reactions to filarial antigens, leading to invisible but present infections.
    • An eosinophil count of greater than 1000 cells/μL in Tropical Pulmonary Eosinophilia may indicate a possible filarial infection.
    • The blood smear examination is a common laboratory test used to detect the presence of microfilariae in peripheral blood.

    Treatment of Lymphatic Filariasis

    • Diethylcarbamazine (DEC) is the recommended drug for the treatment of lymphatic filariasis.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the morphology and life cycle of Lymphatic Filariasis, focusing on details such as microfilaria behavior in the human body, mosquito as an intermediate host, and the process of microfilariae reaching the mosquito's stomach.

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