Lymphatic and Immune System Quiz

Lymphatic and Immune System

• The lymphatic system is a network of vessels, nodes, and organs that transports lymph, a fluid containing white blood cells, throughout the body.
• Lymph nodes filter lymph, trapping pathogens and foreign substances.
• The immune system is a complex network of cells and tissues that defends the body against infection and disease.
• Key components include phagocytes, lymphocytes (B cells and T cells), and antibodies.
• The lymphatic system and immune system work together to maintain health.

Passive and Active Immunity

• Passive immunity is acquired through the introduction of pre-formed antibodies. This provides immediate but temporary protection. Examples include antibodies obtained from mothers through breast milk and during pregnancy, and through an injection of antivenom.
• Active immunity is acquired through exposure to an antigen, leading to the body's production of antibodies. This provides long-lasting protection. This happens naturally through infection or artificially through vaccination.

Inflammatory Process and Benefits

• Inflammation is a complex response to tissue injury or infection.
• Key signs include redness, swelling, heat, pain, and loss of function.
• The benefits of inflammation include:
  • isolating the injured area
  • preventing the spread of infection
  • disposing of cellular debris
  • initiating tissue repair

Afferent and Efferent

• In the nervous system, afferent neurons carry sensory information from the periphery to the central nervous system (CNS).
• Efferent neurons carry motor commands from the CNS to the muscles and glands.

Types of Neurons

• Sensory neurons transmit information from sensory receptors to the CNS.
• Motor neurons carry signals from the CNS to muscles or glands, initiating actions.
• Interneurons connect sensory and motor neurons within the CNS, processing information.

Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Function

• Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a clear fluid that surrounds and cushions the brain and spinal cord.
• Its roles include:
  • Protecting the CNS from physical trauma
  • Removing waste products from the brain
  • Maintaining a stable chemical environment for optimal brain function

Autonomic Nervous System

• The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is responsible for involuntary bodily functions.
• It is divided into two branches:
  • Sympathetic nervous system: Prepares the body for "fight or flight" responses, involving increased heart rate, breathing, and energy release.
  • Parasympathetic nervous system: Promotes "rest and digest," decreasing heart rate and promoting digestion and other restorative functions.