Untitled Quiz

Altruism is when you feel empathy and help others, not to serve your own needs, but to serve the needs of the other. You do something good for others without expecting anything in return, simply because it benefits the other.

The norm of reciprocity is the social expectation that when someone does something nice for you, you have a natural urge to return the favor. It's seen as a rule of social behavior, where helping someone creates an unspoken obligation for them to help you back in the future.

Empathy allows you to truly understand someone else's distress and motivates a desire to help, regardless of your own selfish interests. It encourages helping even when the costs to the helper are high.

<p>Communal Feeling (A), Gratitude (B), Guilt (C), Feeling Socially Secure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The bystander effect is a phenomenon in which a person who witnesses another in need is less likely to help when there are other bystanders present to witness the event.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Children learn to be helpful to get things they want. Later, they learn to help because social rewards come from the approval they receive from others. Finally, they learn to help because they adhere to internalized values. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The social exchange theory focuses on egoistic motivations. People help when the benefits of helping and the costs of not helping outweigh the potential costs of helping and benefits of not helping.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pluralistic ignorance is a situation in which individuals rely on others to identify a norm, but they falsely interpret others' beliefs and feelings, resulting in inaction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Urban overload is the idea that city dwellers avoid being overwhelmed by stimulation by narrowing their attention, making it more likely that they overlook legitimate situations where help is needed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An altruistic personality is a collection of personality traits, such as empathy, that make some people more helpful than others.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The empathy-altruism model suggests that people might provide help to get psychological payoffs, but it applies when one feels no real connection to another person. However, when we feel empathy for someone, we are more likely to help them out, even if we don't get anything in return.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Egoistic behavior is motivated by a degree of self-interest. People act out of self-interest. They do things mainly because it benefits them, not because they want to help others or because of any sense of duty. It's all about what's in it for you.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The reward model of liking proposes that people like other people whom they associate with positive feelings and dislike people whom they associate with negative feelings. We could come to like or dislike people, not because of any quality of theirs, but because they happened to be around us when we were feeling good or bad.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transference is a tendency to map on, or transfer, feelings for a person who is known onto someone new who resembles that person in some way. We can transfer our feelings for one person to another person who reminds us of them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The compliment hypothesis suggests that the nicer things someone says about us, the more we like that person. Spouses' compliments have less impact, but criticisms have more impact.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Attractive defendants are less likely to be found guilty when accused of a crime. People believe that they have a greater sense of entitlement and expect good things to happen to them. Attractive people are also perceived as more outgoing, popular, and socially skilled.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The halo effect is a tendency to assume that people with one positive attribute, such as physical attractiveness, also have other positive traits. We tend to attribute positive qualities to attractive individuals, even if there is no evidence to support those assumptions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>As women gain more equal footing with men in terms of economic and social power, and because technology has potentially reduced the burdens of infant care, women may benefit from a less selective approach to dating and relationships.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>One of the strongest determinants of attraction is perceived similarity. People who are together tend to be similar in several dimensions. Opposites attract, but it's mostly short-term.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Feeling connected to others promotes an individual's mental and physical health. They have higher self-esteem and feel happier and better mental health.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The motive to belong is universal. Affiliation behaviors are innate, and rejection hurts. Reproductive success is fostered in relationships.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>People are less afraid of rejection online and willing to contact more people. Men tend to lie about height, while women lie about weight online. Men are more likely to present themselves as king and emotionally stable partners.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Men are attracted to youth and fertility, as well as physical attractiveness. Signs of masculinity and power are also important, including height and income.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Individualistic cultures rated humor and kindness higher and dependability lower than participants from collectivistic nations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The gain-loss theory posits that liking is highest for others when they increase their positivity towards you over time. Compliments from someone who criticized you in the past are more surprising and more potent than a compliment from a friend.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Physical or emotional pleasure, to foster intimacy, to affirm one's sense of self-worth, to cope with negative emotions, and to gain partner or peer approval. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The proximity effect is about physical nearness, where people tend to form relationships or bond with others who are physically close to them. The more time you spend around someone, the more likely you are to develop a connection or friendship with them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The mere exposure effect is a psychological phenomenon where repeated exposure to a person, object, or stimulus leads to an increase in liking for it, regardless of whether that exposure is due to physical proximity or not.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Secure, Anxious-ambivalent, Avoidant, Disorganized. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A secure attachment style is characterized by the child being stressed until their mom comes back, but feeling comforted and secure once she returns.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An anxious-ambivalent attachment style is characterized by the child being clingy with their mom and feeling stressed when she's gone. They may be angry or resistant when she returns. These children have a hard time adjusting to being away from their primary caregiver.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An avoidant attachment style is characterized by a child showing little distress when their mom leaves, and avoiding them upon their return. When their mom is gone, these children show little distress, but they are often emotionally distant when she returns.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Parasocial relationships are characterized by the closeness that fans feel towards celebrities or media personalities. They believe they know the celebrity, care about what happens to them, and support them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sternberg's model of love relationships posits three basic components: passion, intimacy, and commitment. Passion involves excitement, attraction, and longing for a partner. Intimacy involves liking, sharing, emotional support, and knowing. Commitment is the extent to which an individual invests in maintaining a relationship.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The matching phenomenon suggests that people seek romantic relationships with others who are like themselves in levels of attractiveness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The psychological function of love is rooted in attachment theory, which posits that the prototypical experience of love is the young child's bond with their primary caretaker. It explains how we form emotional bonds with others and how those bonds affect our relationships. We seek and maintain love for significant others to garner support, comfort, relief, trust, and security. Romantic partners help each other manage the threat of mortality by giving life meaning and reinforcing self-worth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Secure, Anxious-ambivalent, Avoidant, Disorganized. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The model of relational turbulence describes the transition from casual dating to a more serious involvement, often involving a turbulent period of adjustment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Those who are high in attachment anxiety cling more tightly to the relationship, while those who are more secure in attachment are better able to cope with breakups. Individuals with a secure attachment style are better able to process the breakup and move on quicker.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Interdependence theory posits that satisfaction, investments, and perceived alternatives play a significant role in determining commitment to a relationship.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The EVLN model describes how people respond to dissatisfying situations. It is based on four possible responses: exit, voice, loyalty, and neglect.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The four responses are exit, voice, loyalty, and neglect. Exit involves leaving the situation, voice involves trying to make changes, loyalty involves staying committed despite the issues, and neglect involves passively withdrawing or ignoring the problems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Divorce rates are higher in individualistic cultures that emphasize personal fulfillment, while collectivistic cultures prioritize family cohesion and social harmony. Marital satisfaction tends to decline after the first year of marriage and after the eighth year of marriage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When people in love contemplate their beloved, there is increased activation of the dopamine-rich ventral tegmental area and the caudate nucleus area of the brain, which are associated with reward, motivation, and pleasure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Positive illusions are idealized perceptions of romantic partners that highlight their positive qualities and downplay their faults. They are not necessarily negative, as they can bolster a relationship's stability, but they can also be problematic as they can lead to disappointment if they are not grounded in reality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Helping others without expecting anything in return, motivated by empathy for their needs.

The social expectation that helping others will lead to future help in return.

Understanding and sharing the feelings of another person.

Difficulty in understanding another person's experience.

Decreased likelihood of helping someone in need when others are present.

Helping others based on a cost-benefit analysis.

Misunderstanding others' thoughts and feelings leading to inaction.

City dwellers' reduced attention to needs of others due to excessive stimulation.

Liking someone associated with positive experiences.

Transferring feelings from one person to another similar person.

Nice things increase liking.

Assuming positive traits based on one positive attribute.

Physical closeness increases relationship potential.

Repeated exposure leads to increased liking.

Child is stressed until the mom returns providing comfort.

Clingy with mom, but distressed when she leaves and returns.

Children are not very affectionate towards the mom and show little distress when she leaves.