28 Questions
What is the primary function of the conducting zone in the respiratory system?
To warm and humidify the air
How is the vital capacity measured by spirometry?
By measuring the maximum volume of air exhaled after a maximum inhalation
Why can't residual volume be measured by spirometry?
Because spirometry cannot measure the volume of air remaining in the lungs after a forced exhalation
What is the difference between a lung volume and a lung capacity?
Lung volumes refer to the amount of air in the lungs at different phases of the respiratory cycle, while lung capacities represent combinations of different lung volumes
Why do changes in the static mechanical properties of the lung cause measurable changes in lung volume measurements?
Because they impact the ability of the lung to expand and contract
What is pulmonary surfactant, and how does it help maintain lung compliance?
Pulmonary surfactant is a protein that increases lung compliance by reducing surface tension in the alveoli
What is the main function of the respiratory system?
To facilitate gas exchange
Which generation of airways in the lungs contains cartilage for support?
Up to the 10th generation
What causes bronchodilation in the airways?
Sympathetic receptors (β2)
What is the role of Type II cells in the alveoli?
Synthesize surfactant
What keeps the chest wall tethered to the lung?
Transmural pressure (PW)
What is the pressure across the lung known as?
Alveolar pressure (PA)
What is the volume at which the respiratory system is at rest called?
$FRC$
Which of these is not typically measured using spirometry?
$PA$
What type of curve is shown in Panel A of the spirometry test?
$FEV1$ curve
In health, how do the chest wall and the lung move?
In harmony as a unit
Which technique uses a known concentration of helium in a spirometer to measure lung volume?
Plethysmograph
What does the alveolar ventilation equation describe?
Relationship between metabolic rate and alveolar ventilation
What is the total volume of lung that does not participate in gas exchange?
Physiologic dead space
Which condition is characterized by a reduced forced vital capacity (FVC) and reduced forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1.0) compared to normal?
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Which parameter does the peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) measure?
Maximal air that can be expired from a full breath
Which parameter is represented by Vmax 25, 50, and 75?
Flow rates at which 25, 50, and 75% of vital capacity occur
What is the primary cause of an increase in physiological dead space?
Ventilation-perfusion mismatch
What does the body plethysmograph measure?
Functional residual capacity (FRC)
What parameter is measured by forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1.0)?
% of maximal air exhaled in the first second
Which technique uses a known concentration of helium and a spirometer to calculate lung volume?
Plethysmograph
What does the term 'physiological dead space' refer to?
Volume of lungs not ventilated or perfused
What condition is characterized by a reduction in both forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1.0)?
Restrictive disease
Test your understanding of lung volumes and capacities with this quiz, based on the resources by Paul McDonough, PhD, Costanzo's Physiology Chapter 5, and Cloutier's Respiratory Physiology Chapter 1-2. Explore topics such as alveolar pressure, pleural pressure, transpleural pressure gradient, lung volume, lung capacity, and spirometry measurement techniques.
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