Questions and Answers
What is a common characteristic of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
Which mechanism is NOT a cause of airway obstruction in asthma?
Hypoxaemia refers to which of the following conditions?
What is a key characteristic of cystic fibrosis?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following assessments is essential for evaluating acute bronchitis?
Signup and view all the answers
What distinguishes hypercapnia from hypoxaemia?
Signup and view all the answers
Why is environmental trigger management important in asthma care?
Signup and view all the answers
What role does chest physiotherapy play in the management of chronic bronchitis?
Signup and view all the answers
Which condition can lead directly to hypoxaemic respiratory failure?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Lung Infections and Disorders
- Chest X-rays can reveal infiltrates in a single lobe or diffuse lung areas.
- Tuberculosis results from Mycobacterium tuberculosis, leading to inflammatory responses that enclose bacteria in tubercles and scar tissue.
- Dormancy of tuberculosis bacteria can occur; if the immune system weakens, the disease may reactivate.
Bronchiolitis and Croup
- Bronchiolitis, primarily seen in children, obstructs small airways due to inflammation.
- Croup is an acute respiratory illness, commonly due to parainfluenza virus, characterized by a seal-like barking cough after initial symptoms of a cold.
- Croup affects children between 6 months to 5 years and results in subglottic region swelling of the trachea.
Cystic Fibrosis
- Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder leading to thick, tenacious airway secretions.
- Chronic infections with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus are common, causing significant lung damage and often leading to respiratory failure.
- Improvements in treatment have increased life expectancy; most cystic fibrosis patients now survive into adulthood.
Other Respiratory Conditions
- Cyanosis indicates poor oxygenation, presenting as a bluish tint in skin and mucous membranes.
- Emphysema is marked by permanent enlargement of airways and destruction of alveolar walls.
- Expectorants help increase mucus secretion, aiding in respiratory function and alleviating discomfort with dry airways.
Breathing Difficulties and Asthma
- Dyspnoea refers to uncomfortable breathing and can indicate underlying respiratory issues.
- Asthma, a common childhood condition, involves bronchospasm, inflammation, and increased mucus production, necessitating careful management of triggers and inflammation.
Chronic Respiratory Issues
- Chronic bronchitis leads to airway obstruction due to muscle hypertrophy and thick mucus.
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) encompasses chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and sometimes asthma, posing serious risks for hypoxaemic and hypercapnic respiratory failure.
Management and Care
- Routine assessment for respiratory conditions involves history taking, clinical evaluation, sputum tests, and imaging if necessary.
- Basic care approaches for respiratory issues include physiotherapy, supplemental oxygen, and continuous monitoring of vital signs and fluid balance.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Test your knowledge on lung infections and disorders, including tuberculosis, bronchiolitis, croup, and cystic fibrosis. This quiz covers symptoms, causative agents, and the effects of these conditions on respiratory health. Perfect for students in health-related fields.
