Lung Diseases Overview

Obstruction of a bronchus by a mucous or mucopurulent plug, frequently postoperatively

Resorption atelectasis, Compression atelectasis, Contraction atelectasis

Pleural effusion, most commonly by (CHF)

<p>Cicatrization atelectasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Limitation of airflow, usually resulting from an increase in resistance caused by partial or complete obstruction at any level</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Emphysema, Chronic bronchitis, Bronchiectasis, Asthma</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Obstructive airway disease, Restrictive disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Abnormal permanent enlargement of air spaces distal to terminal bronchioles + destruction of walls without significant fibrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>morphologic and radiologic features (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Clinical features</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dyspnea</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pink puffers</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Persistent productive cough for at least 3 consecutive months in at least 2 consecutive years</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cigarette smokers and urban dwellers in smog-ridden cities</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Blue bloaters</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cigarette Smoking</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reid index (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mononuclear cells and neutrophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Small airway disease (A), Coexistent emphysema (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Submucosal fibrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chronic inflammatory disorder of airways causes recurrent episodes of wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness, and cough, particularly at night and/or early in the morning</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Environmental antigens, such as dusts, pollen, animal dander, and foods</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>According to eradication of infections may alter immune homeostasis and promote allergic and other harmful immune responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>IL-4, IL-5, IL-13</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Early reaction, Late-phase reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bronchoconstriction, Increased mucus production, Variable vasodilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Structural changes in bronchial wall, as: Hypertrophy of bronchial smooth muscle and mucus glands, Increased vascularity, Deposition of subepithelial collagen</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intermittent, reversible airway obstruction (A), Chronic bronchial inflammation with eosinophils (B), Bronchial smooth muscle cell hypertrophy and hyperreactivity (C), Increased mucus secretion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rhinovirus, Parainfluenza virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sulfur dioxide, Ozone, NO</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bronchospasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cyclooxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Epoxy resins, plastics, organic and chemical dusts</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Curschmann spirals, Charcot-Leyden crystals</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Permanent dilation of bronchi and bronchioles caused by destruction of muscle and supporting elastic tissue associated with chronic necrotizing infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cough and expectoration of copious amounts of purulent sputum</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Appropriate history, Radiographic demonstration of bronchial dilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bronchial obstruction, Congenital or hereditary conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Obstruction, Chronic infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An intense acute and chronic inflammatory exudate within walls of bronchi and bronchioles, Desquamation of lining epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella spp</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fibrosis of bronchial and bronchiolar walls and peribronchiolar fibrosis develop</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cor pulmonale (A), Metastatic brain abscesses (B), Reactive amyloidosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Silicosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both A and B (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Upper zones of lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>&quot;Whorled&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Late in the course, after PMF present</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both A and B (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Parenchymal interstitial fibrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Golden brown, fusiform or beaded rods with a translucent center</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pleural plaques</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>About five-fold</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Over 1000 times greater</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Radiation pneumonitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acute radiation pneumonitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Loss of lung volume caused by inadequate expansion of air spaces.

Occurs when obstruction prevents air from reaching distal airways, causing alveolar collapse.

Occurs when fluid, blood, or air in the pleural cavity mechanistically collapses the adjacent lung.

Occurs due to fibrotic changes in the lung or pleura that hamper expansion.

Characterized by airflow limitation due to increased resistance from obstruction.

Characterized by reduced lung expansion, leading to decreased lung capacity.

Abnormal enlargement of air spaces distal to bronchioles with wall destruction, without significant fibrosis.

Persistent productive cough for at least 3 months in 2 consecutive years, often due to smoking.

Chronic inflammation of airways causing recurrent wheezing, breathlessness, and cough.

The most common asthma type, often starts in childhood, IgE-mediated hypersensitivity.

Asthma without evidence of allergen sensitization; often triggered by respiratory infections.

Recurrent bronchospasm associated with aspirin sensitivity.

Permanent dilation of bronchi and bronchioles caused by chronic infections and destruction of tissue.

Respiratory failure within 1 week of a clinical insult with bilateral opacities seen on imaging.

Progressive bilateral interstitial fibrosis with unknown cause, often leading to dyspnea and cough.

Lung disease caused by inhalation of mineral dust, such as coal or silica.

Chronic disease from inhalation of crystalline silica, causing lung nodules and fibrosis.

Pulmonary interstitial fibrosis caused by asbestos exposure, potentially leading to cancer.

Tenacious mucous plugs containing whorled shed epithelium, indicative of asthma.

Crystalloids made up of eosinophil proteins, often found in asthma.

Characteristic finding in ARDS consisting of edema and necrotic epithelial cells.

Reduced ability of lungs to expand, often seen in restrictive diseases.

Right heart failure resulting from respiratory system disorders, often related to lung disease.

Increased muscle size in bronchi, common in asthma, causing airway narrowing.

Key cells in lung that initiate and perpetuate damage and fibrosis due to inhaled substances.

Difficult or labored breathing, a common symptom in lung diseases.

Fluid in ARDS that contains fibrin and necrotic cells, leading to hyaline membrane formation.

Characteristic finding in advanced pulmonary fibrosis with cystic spaces in lung tissue.