Lung Diseases and Detoxification Quiz

<p>Deoxygenated blood circulating through the skin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Obstructive (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Blood transfusions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thickening of the alveolar capillaries (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Covalent binding (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cytochrome P450 enzymes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decreased oxygen content in the blood (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Provides electrons for the reduction of oxygen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fibrotic (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Binding to mast cells and basophils causing the release of inflammatory mediators. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Type I pneumocytes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased urine output (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>25% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To transport mucus out of the airways (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ΔF508 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The cilia are flattened and unable to sweep properly. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1,480 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ASL dilutes mucus, facilitating its entrapment of bacteria and clearance. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>CFTR inhibits sodium absorption, preventing water from leaving the ASL. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It regulates the flow of chloride ions across cell membranes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased water layer on the surface of lung cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decreased ASL volume. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To remove debris from the airway (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased risk of bacterial infection and chronic inflammation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chromosome 7 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Escherichia coli (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The CFTR protein is a type of ABC protein. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reduced oxygen levels due to poor lung function. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Muscle cramps (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A genetic mutation that affects the CFTR protein (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cigarette smoke and nicotine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased lung capacity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To inhibit the enzyme elastase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Panacinar emphysema is associated with α1-antitrypsin deficiency while centroacinar is linked to smoking. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To modify xenobiotics to facilitate their elimination. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nicotine attracts neutrophils to the lungs and increases their activity. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glutathione S-transferase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To prevent the alveoli from collapsing during exhalation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Conjugating with internal cellular molecules. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The conversion of a harmless substance into a reactive and potentially harmful form. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Elastase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Panacinar emphysema affects the entire acinus while centroacinar primarily affects the center of the acinus. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>EH converts BP-7,8-epoxide into BP-7,8-diol. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cytochrome P450 (CYP1A1) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Combustion products, including tobacco smoke (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can lead to the formation of reactive species that damage DNA, potentially contributing to cancer. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Group of enzymes responsible for the oxidative metabolism of xenobiotics and endogenous compounds.

Enzymes that use molecular oxygen to oxidize substances, requiring NADPH for function.

First stage of xenobiotic metabolism, primarily through oxidation by P450 enzymes.

Enzymes that further modify metabolites from Phase I for elimination from the body.

Enzymes that catalyze the conjugation of glutathione to various compounds to detoxify them.

Conditions that impair airflow due to obstruction, examples include asthma and chronic bronchitis.

Conditions that restrict lung expansion, often caused by scarring or mechanical issues.

Foreign substances not naturally produced in the body, including drugs and pollutants.

The process cells modify xenobiotics to eliminate them.

Reactions that introduce new functional groups to xenobiotics.

A key enzyme involved in Phase I oxidation reactions.

Reactions that conjugate compounds to increase water solubility.

An enzyme that catalyzes detoxification in Phase II reactions.

Process where harmless substances become reactive compounds.

A carcinogen from tobacco smoke that is bioactivated in the body.

Acute respiratory distress syndrome, a serious lung condition characterized by hypoxemia and stiff lungs.

Exudative, proliferative, and fibrotic phases that ARDS progresses through.

The initial inflammatory stage of ARDS with cytokine release and neutrophil influx.

The stage characterized by a decrease in Type II pneumocytes and thickening of alveolar capillaries.

The final stage in ARDS associated with collagen deposition and decreased lung compliance.

Symptoms include dyspnea, tachypnea, and hypoxemia caused by various lung injuries.

Bluish discoloration of skin due to low oxygen levels in blood.

Causes include pneumonia, smoke inhalation, drowning, and severe injury.

A chronic lung condition characterized by loss of elastic recoil and air trapping in the alveoli.

A group of irreversible lung diseases including emphysema and chronic bronchitis that impair breathing.

Emphysema is classified into panacinar, centroacinar, and congenital lobar based on location and cause.

A type of emphysema that affects all portions of the acinus, primarily in the lower lobes.

An enzyme that inhibits elastase to protect lung elastin from destruction; deficiency leads to emphysema.

A type of emphysema affecting the bronchioles with less impact on external alveolar structures, often caused by smoking.

An enzyme secreted by neutrophils that destroys elastin in the lungs, contributing to emphysema.

Cigarette smoke elevates neutrophils and elastase leading to centroacinar emphysema in susceptible individuals.

A type of inheritance where two copies of a mutant gene must be present for a child to be affected.

Gene responsible for cystic fibrosis located on chromosome 7, known for118 mutations.

The Δ F508 mutation accounts for 70% of CF alleles in Caucasians.

CFTR protein consists of 1,480 amino acids shaped like a tube, forming an ion channel.

Works as an ion channel moving chloride ions across the cell membrane.

Chloride ions attract water, essential for mucus balance and cilia movement in lungs.

Tiny hairs that sweep mucus out of the airways, dependent on moisture from CFTR function.

Failure to move chloride ions leads to mucus buildup causing cystic fibrosis symptoms.

Cilia are hair-like structures that remove mucus from airways by sweeping.

A genetic disorder that causes thick, sticky mucus buildup in lungs and other organs.

Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator; regulates chloride and thiocyanate ions in cells.

Fluid lining the airway that helps in mucus clearance and supports cilia movement.

Epithelial sodium channel; absorbs sodium in the airways, affecting fluid balance.

The process of releasing mucin, which is essential for mucus consistency and trapping pathogens.

Chronic infections arise in CF due to thick mucus trapping bacteria.

Common symptoms include cough, increased sputum, and recurrent pneumonia.

A condition where fingers enlarge due to low oxygen levels in the body, often seen in CF patients.

CF leads to lung issues from inflammation and mucus blockage, impairing gas exchange.