Lung Anatomy and Clinical Considerations Quiz

The lungs receive arterial supply from the pulmonary artery, which delivers deoxygenated blood to the lungs for oxygenation. This arterial supply is crucial for the exchange of gases during respiration, as it allows for the oxygenation of the blood and the removal of carbon dioxide from the body.

The lungs are innervated by the pulmonary plexus, which receives both parasympathetic and sympathetic input. Parasympathetic input causes bronchoconstriction and vasodilation, while sympathetic input causes bronchodilation and vasoconstriction. This innervation plays a significant role in regulating airway diameter and blood flow to the lungs.

Pulmonary embolism is a blockage in the pulmonary artery, commonly caused by a clot that travels from the lower limb to the lungs. Various risk factors, such as prolonged immobility, surgery, and certain medical conditions, can increase the likelihood of developing a pulmonary embolism.

<p>Cystic fibrosis is characterized by abnormal mucous due to malfunctioning chloride transporters in the epithelial cells. This leads to the production of thick, sticky mucus that can obstruct airways and predispose individuals to recurrent respiratory infections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Asthma is characterized by airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness, leading to symptoms such as wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath. It is managed with pharmacological treatment, including bronchodilators and anti-inflammatory medications, to control symptoms and prevent exacerbations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bronchial breath sounds are abnormal sounds originating from larger airways, harsh in nature, with a gap between inspiration and expiration, and an expiratory component dominates. Vesicular breath sounds are normal breath sounds heard over the peripheral lung fields, with a longer inspiratory phase and a shorter, almost silent, expiratory phase.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Crackles are high-pitched, discontinuous sounds, similar to the sound produced by rubbing hair between fingers. They can indicate conditions such as pulmonary edema, pulmonary fibrosis, bronchial secretions, COPD, pneumonia, lung abscess, TB, bronchiolitis, and bronchiectasis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vocal resonance assessment is used to detect areas of dullness on percussion. It is performed by using a stethoscope and asking the patient to say 'one, one, one' and then whisper 'one, one, one'. Increased resonance may indicate consolidation or fibrosis, while decreased resonance may indicate pleural effusion, pneumothorax, or collapse.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A pleural rub may be associated with pleuritic pain and sounds like 'creaking leather'. It is low-pitched and can be caused by conditions such as pulmonary embolism, pneumonia, and vasculitis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Wheeze is characterized by continuous oscillation of opposing airway walls, a musical quality, and high pitch. It implies airway narrowing and can be louder in expiration. Generalized wheeze can be associated with asthma and COPD, while localized wheeze may indicate a lung tumor.</p> Signup and view all the answers