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Questions and Answers
What is the primary use of the Model 44-2 gamma scintillator?
What is the primary use of the Model 44-2 gamma scintillator?
What is the thickness of the aluminum housing for the Model 44-2?
What is the thickness of the aluminum housing for the Model 44-2?
Which range of energy levels does the Model 44-2 detect?
Which range of energy levels does the Model 44-2 detect?
What is the detector's response at 100 keV compared to 137Cs?
What is the detector's response at 100 keV compared to 137Cs?
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How should the detector be connected to other instruments for optimal operation?
How should the detector be connected to other instruments for optimal operation?
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For what type of analysis can the Model 44-2 be used in conjunction with an analyzer?
For what type of analysis can the Model 44-2 be used in conjunction with an analyzer?
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What component is coupled to the NaI crystal in the Model 44-2?
What component is coupled to the NaI crystal in the Model 44-2?
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Which of the following specifications limits the linear range for the Model 44-2 Gamma Scintillator?
Which of the following specifications limits the linear range for the Model 44-2 Gamma Scintillator?
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What is the typical sensitivity of the Model 44-2 Gamma Scintillator for 137 Cs gamma?
What is the typical sensitivity of the Model 44-2 Gamma Scintillator for 137 Cs gamma?
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What is the operating voltage range for the Model 44-2 Gamma Scintillator?
What is the operating voltage range for the Model 44-2 Gamma Scintillator?
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What is the maximum temperature range for which the Model 44-2 Gamma Scintillator is certified?
What is the maximum temperature range for which the Model 44-2 Gamma Scintillator is certified?
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What approach should be taken when connecting the detector to the instrument?
What approach should be taken when connecting the detector to the instrument?
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What background count rate is typically recorded by the Model 44-2 Gamma Scintillator?
What background count rate is typically recorded by the Model 44-2 Gamma Scintillator?
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What is the primary construction material of the Model 44-2 Gamma Scintillator housing?
What is the primary construction material of the Model 44-2 Gamma Scintillator housing?
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What is the typical background reading range for the detector?
What is the typical background reading range for the detector?
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What should the detector indicate when exposed to a check source?
What should the detector indicate when exposed to a check source?
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What environmental condition is NOT suitable for using the detector?
What environmental condition is NOT suitable for using the detector?
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Which cleaning method is acceptable for the detector?
Which cleaning method is acceptable for the detector?
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What is a requirement regarding the pollution degree for the detector?
What is a requirement regarding the pollution degree for the detector?
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When cleaning the detector, what should be done first?
When cleaning the detector, what should be done first?
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What is the maximum temperature range for the normal operation of the detector?
What is the maximum temperature range for the normal operation of the detector?
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What might indicate a malfunction in the detector?
What might indicate a malfunction in the detector?
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Study Notes
Ludlum Model 44-2 Gamma Scintillator Overview
- Designed for detecting low levels of gamma radiation in the range of 20 keV–1.5 MeV.
- Features a sodium iodide (NaI) crystal measuring 2.54 x 2.54 cm (1 x 1 in.) coupled to a photomultiplier tube.
- Enclosed in 0.157 cm (0.062 in.) thick aluminum housing with a front window thickness of 2.3 mm (0.09 in.).
- Energy response varies, with a 10x over-response in the 100 keV range and a 0.5x under-response above 1 MeV, normalized to 137Cs.
- Compatible with Ludlum instruments providing 500–1200 volts, with a typical input sensitivity of 10 mV or higher.
Warranty Information
- Warranty covers defects in workmanship, material, and design for 12 months from delivery.
- Calibration is warranted within specified accuracy limits at shipment; excludes broken photomultiplier and scintillation tubes due to misuse.
- Remedies for performance issues include repair or replacement; no liability for incidental or consequential damages.
Specifications
- Sensitivity: Typically 175 cpm per µR/hr for 137Cs gamma.
- Dead Time: Approximately 10 µs, limiting linear range to 5 mR/hr (50 µSv/h) without correction.
- Energy dependence affects efficiency (4 π): 7% for I, 10% for 57Co, 3% for 137Cs and 60Co.
- Operating Conditions: Suitable for temperatures -15 to 50 °C (5 to 122 °F); can be certified from -40 to 65 °C (-40 to 150 °F).
- Weight: 0.5 kg (1 lb) and size is 5.1 x 18.5 cm (2 x 7.3 in.).
Operating Procedures
- Connect detector to an instrument securely by twisting connectors clockwise.
- High voltage settings should match the detector specifications.
- Verify background readings (1.4-2.6 kcpm or 8-15 µR/hr) and check against a known source for accuracy within 20%.
Safety Considerations
- Designed for indoor or outdoor use in dry environments, without maximum altitude restrictions.
- Maintenance of a maximum relative humidity of 95% (non-condensing) is crucial.
- Cleaning should only involve wiping with a damp cloth using water; immersion in liquids is not permitted.
Parts List and Assembly
- Key components include the detector body, end cap, NaI crystal, tube socket assembly, and various electronic parts.
- The detector is completely assembled as Model 44-2 and includes detailed part numbers for replacement or repair.
- Proper packing materials are necessary for returns to ensure equipment safety during shipment.
Additional Notes
- No consumable materials are included with the detector; appropriate handling is essential to maintain functionality.
- An Instrument Return Form must accompany any returns, available from the Ludlum website under support sections.
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Description
Explore the features and specifications of the Ludlum Model 44-2 Gamma Scintillator. This quiz covers its design, energy response characteristics, and warranty information. Test your knowledge about gamma radiation detection technology.
