18 Questions
What are the primary products of the citric acid cycle?
CO2, NADH, and FADH2
Which molecule carries electrons and protons to the electron transport chain?
NADH
What type of fermentation occurs in human muscle cells that undergo too much strenuous activity?
Lactic acid fermentation
What is the primary function of the proton gradient in the mitochondria?
ATP synthesis
What is the byproduct of glycolysis, in addition to 4 ATP?
2 Pyruvate and 2 NADH
Which organelle has a double membrane surrounding it?
Mitochondrion
What is the role of oxygen in aerobic respiration?
It is the final electron acceptor at the end of the electron transport chain
What occurs when electrons are passed through the electron transport chain of the mitochondrion?
The cytochromes in the electron transport chain phosphorylate ADP and form ATP
What is a potential consequence of overstimulating the Krebs cycle?
Overproduction of carbon dioxide
What is the direction of synthesis of the leading strand during DNA replication?
5’ → 3’
What is the role of DNA polymerase III in DNA replication?
It synthesizes the leading strand
What is the product of glycolysis that enters the citric acid cycle?
Acetyl-CoA
What would be the effect of treating cells with an agent that removed the cap from mRNAs?
The mRNA would be degraded and proteins would not be synthesized
What process ensures that the correct amino acid is added to a growing polypeptide chain?
Both a and b
What is the effect of the mutation in the template strand of a gene from 3’-TACTTGCCGATATC-5’ to 3’-TACTTGTCCAATATC-5’?
It substitutes the amino acid Leu for Met
What is necessary for transcription to begin in eukaryotic cells?
The two DNA strands have completely separated and exposed the promoter
What is the role of alternative splicing in post-transcriptional modification?
Removal of exons
What occurs during post-translational modification?
The protein undergoes modifications such as phosphorylation or glycosylation
Review questions for LSS Biology 20A midterm covering the citric cycle, Krebs cycle, and fermentation processes. Test your understanding of cellular respiration and energy production.
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