LSS Biology 20A Midterm Review: Cellular Respiration

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Questions and Answers

What are the primary products of the citric acid cycle?

  • CO2, NADH, and FADH2 (correct)
  • Pyruvate, H2O, and H+ gradient
  • Lactic acid and ATP
  • Ethanol, CO2, and ATP

Which molecule carries electrons and protons to the electron transport chain?

  • H2O
  • NADPH
  • CO2
  • NADH (correct)

What type of fermentation occurs in human muscle cells that undergo too much strenuous activity?

  • Lactic acid fermentation (correct)
  • Acetic acid fermentation
  • Butanol fermentation
  • Alcohol fermentation

What is the primary function of the proton gradient in the mitochondria?

<p>ATP synthesis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the byproduct of glycolysis, in addition to 4 ATP?

<p>2 Pyruvate and 2 NADH (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle has a double membrane surrounding it?

<p>Mitochondrion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of oxygen in aerobic respiration?

<p>It is the final electron acceptor at the end of the electron transport chain (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when electrons are passed through the electron transport chain of the mitochondrion?

<p>The cytochromes in the electron transport chain phosphorylate ADP and form ATP (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of overstimulating the Krebs cycle?

<p>Overproduction of carbon dioxide (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the direction of synthesis of the leading strand during DNA replication?

<p>5’ → 3’ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of DNA polymerase III in DNA replication?

<p>It synthesizes the leading strand (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the product of glycolysis that enters the citric acid cycle?

<p>Acetyl-CoA (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What would be the effect of treating cells with an agent that removed the cap from mRNAs?

<p>The mRNA would be degraded and proteins would not be synthesized (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process ensures that the correct amino acid is added to a growing polypeptide chain?

<p>Both a and b (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of the mutation in the template strand of a gene from 3’-TACTTGCCGATATC-5’ to 3’-TACTTGTCCAATATC-5’?

<p>It substitutes the amino acid Leu for Met (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is necessary for transcription to begin in eukaryotic cells?

<p>The two DNA strands have completely separated and exposed the promoter (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of alternative splicing in post-transcriptional modification?

<p>Removal of exons (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during post-translational modification?

<p>The protein undergoes modifications such as phosphorylation or glycosylation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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