LSD Effects and Characteristics Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What adverse reactions were observed in some patients during emergence after receiving PCP?

  • Insomnia and fatigue
  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Headache and dizziness
  • Agitation and hallucinations (correct)

    • Which drug is PCP chemically related to?

  • Heroin
  • Methamphetamine
  • Cocaine
  • Ketamine (correct)

    • What kind of drug is PCP?

  • Hallucinogenic agent (correct)
  • Opioid
  • Antibiotic
  • Depressant

    • At what time are the maximum plasma PCP concentrations observed after smoking?

    <p>5 to 15 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what form is PCP commonly sold on the street?

    <p>Rock salt crystal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the marketed name of Phencyclidine (PCP) in the late 1950s?

    <p>Sernyl</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some substances with which PCP is often mixed when sold on the street?

    <p>Mint and oregano</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some common names under which PCP appears when sold on the street?

    <p>'Tragic potion' and 'Angel dust'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significant activity reported from early animal studies for PCP?

    <p>Strong analgesic activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did some patients suffer from for up to 10 days after taking PCP?

    <p>Psychosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential danger associated with LSD abuse?

    <p>Psychosis states of paranoia and schizophrenia reported even after intoxication subsided</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of amphetamine toxicity?

    <p>Respiratory and cardiovascular effects include tachypnea, tachycardia, hypertension, flushing, and diaphoresis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does LSD affect the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems?

    <p>It leads to marked mydriasis, hyperthermia, tachycardia, and hypertension through sympathetic activities predominating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common consequence experienced by amphetamine users due to tolerance to some central effects?

    <p>Decrease in euphoric actions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential danger for individuals who have previously experienced bad trips and constantly abuse LSD?

    <p>Prolonged psychosis states of paranoia and schizophrenia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of flashbacks experienced by hallucinogen users?

    <p>Seeing vivid colors and hearing sounds from previous trips</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a recommended approach for managing adverse effects to hallucinogens?

    <p>Treating panic reactions with anti-anxiety agents and haloperidol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of bad trips due to hallucinogen use?

    <p>Loss of rational thinking and feeling that the bad trip will last forever</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of flashbacks experienced by hallucinogen users?

    <p>Persistent feelings of fear and loneliness leading to suicidal tendencies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the usual fatal dose of PCP?

    <p>100 mg or more</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are neurologic signs of PCP at low doses or after chronic administration?

    <p>Nystagmus and ataxia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common manifestation of PCP toxicity?

    <p>Muscle rigidity and seizures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is acute PCP intoxication typically managed?

    <p>Placing the individual in an attended, quiet, and darkened room</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pH range used for urine acidification in severe PCP intoxication?

    <p>5.0 - 5.5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pKa range of PCP?

    <p>8.6 - 9.4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the usual average dose of LSD?

    <p>100 mg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common manifestation of LSD abuse?

    <p>Visual perceptual changes and mood swings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reported maximum dose of LSD ingested by chronic users without serious complications?

    <p>&gt;10000 mg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an interesting element in LSD abuse according to the text?

    <p>'Use-dependent' tolerance development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of toxicity of strychnine?

    <p>It inhibits the postsynaptic receptor for glycine, an inhibitory neurotransmitter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended treatment for strychnine poisoning?

    <p>Maintaining ventilation and administering a muscle relaxant such as diazepam</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does chlorpromazine reverse hyperthermia, convulsions, and hypertension associated with amphetamine toxicity?

    <p>By antagonizing amphetamine directly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the management protocol for ingestion of a large amount of amphetamine within 4 hours, what is recommended when emesis is contraindicated?

    <p>Administering gastric lavage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic manifestation of strychnine poisoning in its early stages?

    <p>Grimacing stiffness of the neck and face</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does haloperidol differ from chlorpromazine in its management of amphetamine toxicity?

    <p>It causes less respiratory depression and reduced chance for sustained hypotension and reflex tachycardia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the preferred method for managing hyperthermia associated with amphetamine toxicity?

    <p>Use of a hypothermic blanket</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What enhances renal clearance of amphetamine?

    <p>Acidification of urine with ammonium chloride</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributes to the cause of death in strychnine poisoning after several full convulsions?

    <p>Hypoxia due to medullary paralysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common manifestation characterizing early stages of strychnine poisoning?

    <p>Grimacing stiffness of the neck and face</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Phencyclidine (PCP)

    • Some patients experienced adverse reactions during emergence after receiving PCP, including hallucinations, delirium, and agitation.
    • PCP is chemically related to ketamine.
    • PCP is a dissociative anesthetic drug.

    Pharmacokinetics

    • Maximum plasma PCP concentrations are observed 5-15 minutes after smoking.

    Street Form and Names

    • PCP is commonly sold on the street as a powder or tablet.
    • It is often mixed with other substances, such as THC, opiates, and other hallucinogens.
    • Common street names for PCP include "Angel Dust", "Hog", "Love Boat", and "Peace Pill".

    Historical Context

    • PCP was marketed as "Sernyl" in the late 1950s.

    Adverse Effects

    • Some patients suffered from hallucinations, delirium, and agitation for up to 10 days after taking PCP.
    • The significant activity reported from early animal studies for PCP is anesthesia.

    LSD and Amphetamine

    • A potential danger associated with LSD abuse is "bad trips" and flashbacks.
    • A characteristic of amphetamine toxicity is hypertension.
    • LSD affects the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems by increasing sympathetic activity.
    • A common consequence experienced by amphetamine users due to tolerance to some central effects is increased dosage.
    • A potential danger for individuals who have previously experienced bad trips and constantly abuse LSD is prolonged anxiety and depression.

    Management of Adverse Effects

    • A recommended approach for managing adverse effects to hallucinogens is supportive care, including reassurance and relaxation techniques.
    • A characteristic of bad trips due to hallucinogen use is intense anxiety and fear.
    • A characteristic of flashbacks experienced by hallucinogen users is they can occur without warning and may be triggered by various stimuli.

    PCP Toxicity

    • The usual fatal dose of PCP is unknown.
    • Neurologic signs of PCP at low doses or after chronic administration include numbness, slurred speech, and staggering gait.
    • A common manifestation of PCP toxicity is aggression and violent behavior.
    • Acute PCP intoxication is typically managed with supportive care and sedation.
    • The pH range used for urine acidification in severe PCP intoxication is 5.5-6.5.
    • The pKa range of PCP is 8.5-9.5.

    LSD

    • The usual average dose of LSD is 25-50 μg.
    • A common manifestation of LSD abuse is altered perception and hallucinations.
    • The reported maximum dose of LSD ingested by chronic users without serious complications is 2,000 μg.
    • An interesting element in LSD abuse is that users may exhibit "set" and "setting" dependent effects.

    Strychnine

    • The mechanism of toxicity of strychnine is competitive inhibition of glycine, an inhibitory neurotransmitter.
    • The recommended treatment for strychnine poisoning is supportive care, including sedation and muscle relaxation.
    • The characteristic manifestation of strychnine poisoning in its early stages is muscle stiffness and rigidity.
    • Death in strychnine poisoning after several full convulsions is often due to respiratory failure.

    Amphetamine Toxicity

    • Chlorpromazine reverses hyperthermia, convulsions, and hypertension associated with amphetamine toxicity by blocking dopamine receptors.
    • In the management protocol for ingestion of a large amount of amphetamine within 4 hours, activated charcoal is recommended when emesis is contraindicated.
    • Haloperidol differs from chlorpromazine in its management of amphetamine toxicity by being more potent and having a faster onset of action.
    • The preferred method for managing hyperthermia associated with amphetamine toxicity is external cooling.
    • Acidification of the urine enhances renal clearance of amphetamine.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the effects and characteristics of LSD, including its impact on the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, as well as its toxicity and potential therapeutic use.

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