Questions and Answers
What is a polar covalent bond?
A polar covalent bond is characterized by unequal sharing of electrons.
What is a nonpolar covalent bond?
A covalent bond between atoms that have the same or nearly the same electronegativity, sharing the bonding electron pair almost equally.
A polar covalent bond is due to:
The dash (—) in the structural formula for hydrogen gas (H2) represents a(n):
Signup and view all the answers
A molecule of common table salt (NaCl) is the result of what type of bond?
Signup and view all the answers
Why does the salt dissolve in water?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a hydrogen bond?
Signup and view all the answers
What kind of bond joins hydrogen to oxygen in a water molecule?
Signup and view all the answers
The hydrogen atoms in a water molecule have a ________ charge while the oxygen atom has a _________ charge.
Signup and view all the answers
In an ice crystal, how many other water molecules does a single water molecule typically form hydrogen bonds with?
Signup and view all the answers
Which atom is least likely to participate in hydrogen bonds with water?
Signup and view all the answers
What is necessary for a hydrogen atom in a molecule to participate in a hydrogen bond?
Signup and view all the answers
Why does ice float?
Signup and view all the answers
PH is a measure of the concentration of _______ in solution.
Signup and view all the answers
The unique properties of water are due to the _____ of water molecules and the ability of water to form _____ with other water molecules.
Signup and view all the answers
Water can dissolve many compounds due to which fact?
Signup and view all the answers
Water is neither hydrophilic nor hydrophobic, because these terms only define the interaction of other molecules with water molecules.
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the statements is true regarding a polar molecule?
Signup and view all the answers
How many hydrogen atoms does a molecule with three carbon atoms linked by single covalent bonds contain?
Signup and view all the answers
How many hydrogen atoms are present in a hydrocarbon chain of five carbon atoms with two double bonds and two single bonds?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Chemical Bonds
- Polar Covalent Bond: Involves unequal sharing of electrons between atoms, leading to a partial charge difference.
- Nonpolar Covalent Bond: Occurs between atoms with similar electronegativity, resulting in nearly equal sharing of electrons.
Ionic Bonds
- Example: Sodium chloride (NaCl) results from an ionic bond between sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl) atoms.
- Sodium ions attract partial negative charges from oxygen in water, while chlorine ions attract partial positive charges from hydrogen in water.
Water Molecule Properties
- Polar Covalent Bond in Water: The bond between hydrogen and oxygen in water molecules is polar, resulting in a partial positive charge on hydrogen atoms and a partial negative charge on the oxygen atom.
- Hydrogen Bonds: Weaker interactions between a hydrogen atom and an electronegative atom, contributing to water's unique properties.
Ice and Density
- Ice floats due to the crystal lattice structure formed during freezing, which creates a less dense arrangement of water molecules.
pH and Protons
- pH refers to the concentration of protons (H⁺) in solution, influencing acidity and basicity.
Properties of Water
- The unique properties of water arise from the polarity of water molecules and their ability to form hydrogen bonds with other water molecules and polar substances.
- Water's polarity allows it to dissolve numerous compounds, making it an effective solvent.
Molecular Interactions
- Hydrophilic vs. Hydrophobic: Water is not strictly hydrophilic (water-attracting) or hydrophobic (water-repelling); these terms describe how different substances interact with water.
- Polar molecules are hydrophilic and typically dissolve in water, while nonpolar molecules are hydrophobic and do not.
Hydrocarbon Structures
- In a hydrocarbon chain with three carbon atoms bound in a V shape, each unshared electron can bond with hydrogen, resulting in a total of eight hydrogen atoms for the molecule.
- For a hydrocarbon chain with five carbon atoms, two double bonds, and two single bonds, there are also eight hydrogen atoms present.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Test your knowledge with these flashcards on polar and nonpolar covalent bonds. Learn how unequal sharing of electrons defines these chemical bonds, and understand their properties with concise definitions. A great way to prepare for the upcoming LS7A assessments!
