Quiz

<p>Atropine</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Retrograde ejaculation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It inhibits sympathetic nervous system activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Short-term control of hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Relative affinity for β1 and β2 receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They have a minimal effect on cardiac output and heart rate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It has a short plasma half-life.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They induce apoptosis in prostate smooth muscle cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is contraindicated in patients at risk for prolonged QT syndrome.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>β2 receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Drugs with β1 receptor selectivity and β2 receptor partial agonism</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They delay recovery from hypoglycemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>↓ HDL cholesterol, ↑ LDL cholesterol, and ↑ triglycerides</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>α1</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vasodilation of both arteries and veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Orthostatic hypotension</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Suppression of sympathetic output</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vasoconstriction induced by endogenous catecholamines</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>α1 = Mediates contraction of arterial, venous and visceral smooth muscle α2 = Suppresses sympathetic output, inhibits the release of NE and ACh from nerve endings, suppresses insulin secretion Blockade of α1 receptors = Inhibits vasoconstriction induced by endogenous catecholamines, vasodilation of both arteries and veins Non-selective blockers = Cause orthostatic hypotension and reflex tachycardia</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypertension treatment = Blockade of α1 receptors ↑HR &amp; BP = Antagonist also blocks α2 receptors Orthostatic Hypotension = Non-selective blockers ↑ vagal tone = α2</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vasodilation of arteries and veins = Blockade of α1 receptors ↑HR &amp; BP = Antagonist also blocks α2 receptors Suppress insulin secretion = α2 Orthostatic Hypotension = Non-selective blockers</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phenoxybenzamine = Used orally to treat pheochromocytoma, irreversible α antagonism Phentolamine = Short-term control of hypertension, reversible inhibition of ejaculation α1 selective antagonists = Relax prostate smooth muscle, promotes apoptosis in BPH treatment β-blockers = Used for hypertension, ischemic heart disease, congestive heart failure, and certain arrhythmias</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>α2 receptor antagonists = Produces tremors, increases insulin release, increases blood pressure α1 receptor antagonists = Relaxes prostate smooth muscle, promotes apoptosis in BPH Non-selective α antagonists = Decrease in peripheral resistance, increase in cardiac output β-blockers = Significant effect in cardiac rhythm and automaticity</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Retrograde ejaculation = α1 selective antagonists Postural hypotension, reflex tachycardia = Phenoxybenzamine Hypotension, alarming tachycardia, cardiac arrhythmias = Phentolamine Cardiac arrhythmias, ischemic cardiac events = β-blockers</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>α2 receptor antagonists = Increase sympathetic outflow, increase blood pressure α1 receptor antagonists = Relax prostate smooth muscle, used in treatment of hypertension Non-selective α antagonists = Decrease in peripheral resistance, increase in cardiac output β-blockers = Produce vasodilation, significant effect in cardiac rhythm and automaticity</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>T1/2≈ 3-4 hours = Typical metabolizers T1/2≈ 7-8 hours = CYP2D6 poor metabolizers 5-fold higher risk for developing adverse effects = CYP2D6 poor metabolizers Used to treat hypertension, angina, tachycardia, heart failure, vasovagal syncope, as secondary prevention after myocardial infarction, an adjunct in the treatment of hyperthyroidism, and for migraine prophylaxis = Typical use</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Heart rates of &lt; 45 beats per minute = Contraindication for the treatment of acute myocardial infarction Heart block greater than first- degree (PR interval ≥ 0.24 second) = Contraindication for the treatment of acute myocardial infarction Systolic blood pressure = No specific effect mentioned CYP2D6 poor metabolizers = Increase in half-life to 7-8 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Heart rates of &lt; 45 beats per minute = Contraindication for the treatment of acute myocardial infarction Heart block greater than first- degree (PR interval ≥ 0.24 second) = Contraindication for the treatment of acute myocardial infarction Systolic blood pressure = No specific effect mentioned CYP2D6 poor metabolizers = Increase in half-life to 7-8 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypertension, angina, acute coronary syndromes, and congestive heart failure = Cardiovascular Disease Administered during the early phases of acute myocardial infarction and continued long-term = Myocardial Infarction Treatment of chronic open-angle glaucoma = Glaucoma Control acute panic symptoms in individuals required to perform in public or in anxiety-provoking situations = Acute Panic Symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carvedilol, labetalol, celiprolol and nebivolol = Benefits are apparent within days in patients with severe heart failure Betaxolol and timolol = Confer protection to retinal neurons Propranolol, nadolol, timolol &amp; metoprolol = Effective for the prophylaxis of migraine Pindolol, acebutolol, labetalol &amp; celiprolol = Less likely to cause bronchospasm in patients with bronchospastic disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bradycardia = Cardiovascular Fatigue, sleep disturbances (including insomnia and nightmares) and depression = CNS Blunt recognition of hypoglycemia by patients; it also may delay recovery from insulin-induced hypoglycemia = Metabolism Hypotension, bradycardia, and prolonged AV conduction times. Seizures and depression may occur. Hypoglycemia and bronchospasm can occur = Overdosage</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Atropine = Treats significant bradycardia Cardiac pacemaker = Often required for significant bradycardia Glucagon = Has positive chronotropic and inotropic effects on the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Propranolol = Non-selective β-blocker, highly lipophilic, low bioavailability Nadolol = Long-acting non-selective β-blocker, bioavailability ≈ 35%, excreted unchanged in the urine Timolol = Used for glaucoma, hypertension, congestive heart failure, short $t1/2≈ 4$ hours Pindolol = Intrinsic sympathomimetic activity, high bioavailability, short $t1/2 ≈ 4$ hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Activation of vascular a1 receptors = Short-term administration of β receptor antagonists Improvement of exercise tolerance in patients with angina = Long-term use of β receptor antagonists Life-threatening bronchoconstriction in patients with COPD and asthma = Non-selective β receptor antagonists Delay recovery from hypoglycemia in type 1 diabetes mellitus = Non-selective β blockers</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Propranolol = Hypertension, angina, arrhythmias, myocardial infarction, and prophylaxis of migraine Nadolol = Hypertension, angina pectoris and migraine prophylaxis Timolol = Glaucoma, hypertension, congestive heart failure, acute MI, and migraine prophylaxis Pindolol = Angina pectoris and hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decrease HDL cholesterol, increase LDL cholesterol, and increase triglycerides = Non-selective β blockers Delay recovery from hypoglycemia in type 1 diabetes mellitus = Non-selective β blockers Less likely to delay recovery from hypoglycemia = β1- selective antagonist Mobilize glucose in response to hypoglycemia = Catecholamines</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prazosin = Used in the treatment of hypertension and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), affinity for α1 receptors is 1000-fold greater than for α2, and it has a plasma half-life of about 3 hours Terazosin = Used to treat hypertension and BPH, induces apoptosis in prostate smooth muscle cells, has a higher bioavailability and a longer half-life (about 12 hours) compared to Prazosin Alfuzosin = Used primarily in treating BPH, not approved for treatment of hypertension, and contraindicated in patients at risk for prolonged QT syndrome Tamsulosin = Used in the treatment of BPH, has little effect on blood pressure, and has a half-life of about 5-10 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prazosin = Tends to improve lipid profiles and glucose-insulin metabolism in patients with hypertension Terazosin = Lessens the symptoms of chronic BPH by limiting cell proliferation Doxazosin = Has beneficial actions in the long-term management of BPH related to apoptosis Alfuzosin = No specific effects mentioned on lipid profiles and glucose-insulin metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prazosin = Well absorbed orally, extensively metabolized in the liver, and its bioavailability is around 50-70% Terazosin = More soluble in water with higher bioavailability (&gt;90%), and has a longer duration of action Doxazosin = Has a long half-life of about 20 hours and its bioavailability and extent of metabolism are similar to Prazosin Tamsulosin = Well absorbed, extensively metabolized by cytochrome P450 enzymes, and has a half-life of about 5-10 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prazosin = First-dose effect; marked postural hypotension and fainting sometimes seen 30 to 90 minutes after initial dose Terazosin = No specific adverse effects mentioned Alfuzosin = Contraindicated in patients at risk for prolonged QT syndrome Tamsulosin = Abnormal ejaculation in about 18% of patients receiving the higher dose</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers