Acute Inflammation

<p>Metabolic response</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To eliminate the offending agent and repair the tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sweating</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hours to days</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To increase blood flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Regulation of the response</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Histamine</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Complete resolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pyrexia</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Albumin</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transudate</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Liver disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Biomarker</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fibrinous</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Purulent</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Haemorrhagic</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High protein concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Serous</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dilation of blood vessels and accumulation of leukocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fibrinous</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Presence of leukocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The presence of an inflammatory process</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Serous</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Heat = Increased temperature due to increased blood flow Redness = Due to the dilation of blood vessels Swelling = Caused by accumulation of fluid Pain = Resulting from pressure on nerve endings</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Infectious causes = Bacterial, viral, fungal, parasitic and microbial toxins Tissue necrosis = Trauma – physical and chemical injury – radiation Foreign bodies = Dark splinters, dirt, sutures Immune reactions = Urate crystals e.g. in gout, cholesterol crystals – atherosclerosis and lipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Duration = Can last hours to days Purpose = Eliminate the offending agent and repair the tissues Morphological hallmarks = Dilation of blood vessels, activation and recruitment of leucocytes and active exudation of fluid in the extravascular tissues Definition = A redundant complex adaptive and protective response of vessel's resident cells leucocytes to noxious stimuli</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Leucocytes = Resident cells of vessels that respond to noxious stimuli Blood vessels = Dilate and cause redness Extravascular fluid = Exudes actively in tissues Cells and molecules of host defence = Brought from the circulation to the sites where they are needed</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Noxious stimuli = Harmful or painful stimuli that cause inflammation Resident cells = Cells that are normally present in a particular tissue or organ Exudation = Escape of fluid, proteins, and blood cells from the vascular system into the interstitial tissue or body cavities Host defence = The mechanisms used by the body to fight off infection and disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Recognition of the injurious agents = Identifying harmful elements causing the inflammation Recruitment of leucocytes = Attracting white blood cells to the site of inflammation Regulation of the response = Controlling the inflammation process Repair or resolution = Healing the damaged tissue or resolving the inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vasoactive amines = Produced by mast cells, bays of cells and platelets Inflammatory lipids = Produced by mast cells or leucocytes Complement (C5a or C3a) = Produced in the liver Cytokines = Produced by macrophages, endothelial cells, mast cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vasodilation = Triggered by Inflammatory lipids Increased vascular permeability = Triggered by Vasoactive amines, Complement, Inflammatory lipids, Cytokines Leukocyte recruitment and activation = Triggered by Inflammatory lipids, Complement, Cytokines Pain triggering = Triggered by Inflammatory lipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Complete resolution = Outcome when there has been little tissue disruption and the parenchyma cells can regenerate Scarring or fibrosis = Occurs after substantial tissue destruction when the inflammatory injury is incapable of restoration Progression to chronic inflammation = Occurs when we have persistence of the injurious agent or some interference with the normal process of healing</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>C reactive protein = Increases during inflammation Serum amyloid A = Increases during inflammation Albumin = Reduces during inflammation Transferrin = Reduces during inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Serous inflammation = Inflammation with Exudation of fluid with a low concentration of plasma protein and low numbers of leucocytes Fibrinous inflammation = Inflammation with exudation of fibrinogen and fluid and formation of thick friable loosely adherent vibrant Purulent inflammation = Inflammation with production of pus, viscous to creamy liquid, and Exudate consisting of degenerated and necrotic neutrophils, debris and fluid Haemorrhagic inflammation = Inflammation with vascular damage, loss of integrity of endothelium and/or extensive tissue necrosis, with leakage of red blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Serous inflammation = Serous rhinitis - acute allergic reaction or cutaneous blisters Fibrinous inflammation = Fibrinous peritonitis in the pig Purulent inflammation = Purulent Pleurisy in the horse (pyothorax) Haemorrhagic inflammation = Haemorrhagic enteritis in a dog due to parvovirus</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exudate = extravascular fluid with a high protein concentration and can contain leucocytes Inflammatory process = condition that increases the permeability of blood vessels Leucocytes = cells actively transmigrating across capillary walls in cases of high vascular permeability Fibrinous peritonitis in the pig = example of Exudates having high protein content</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Serous inflammation = Exudation of fluid with a low concentration of plasma protein and low to low numbers of leucocytes Fibrinous inflammation = Exudation of fibrinogen and fluid and formation of thick friable loosely adherent vibrant Purulent inflammation = Production of pus, viscous to creamy liquid, and Exudate consisting of degenerated and necrotic neutrophils, debris and fluid Haemorrhagic inflammation = Vascular damage, loss of integrity of endothelium and/or extensive tissue necrosis, with leakage of red blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Serous inflammation = Serous rhinitis - acute allergic reaction or cutaneous blisters Fibrinous inflammation = Fibrinous peritonitis in the pig - Fibrin strand overlying a bronchopneumonic lobe Purulent inflammation = Purulent Pleurisy in the horse (pyothorax) - Purulent lymphanditis and cellulitis in a sheep Haemorrhagic inflammation = Haemorrhagic enteritis in a dog due to parvovirus</p> Signup and view all the answers