36 Questions
What is the purpose of irrigating the neobladder after surgery?
To make sure the pouch is patent
What is the main concern for nursing care in the first weeks after surgery?
Extreme weight loss
What is the lining of transitional cells in the kidney, renal pelvis, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra called?
Urothelium
What is the purpose of BCG in intravesical chemotherapy?
To stop or delay bladder cancer growth
What type of conduit is created during surgery?
Ileal conduit
What is the primary symptom of urothelial cancer?
Painless hematuria
What is the function of the FGFR2 protein?
Supporting bone growth during embryonic development
What is the role of the large intestine in creating a neobladder?
It is used to create a pouch
What is the purpose of cystoscopy with biopsy?
To diagnose urothelial cancer
What is the purpose of a cystoscopy?
To inspect the bladder and take a biopsy
What is the term for the growth pattern of multifocal tumors in the bladder?
Multifocal
What is the significance of a functioning urethra in neobladder creation?
It is necessary for the neobladder to function
What is the main goal of tertiary prevention in bladder cancer?
To reduce the severity of symptoms
What is a risk factor for urothelial cancer?
Exposure to chemical dyes
What is the purpose of genetic testing in secondary prevention?
To identify individuals at high risk of developing urothelial cancer
What is the reason for avoiding gas-producing foods in the diet after surgery?
To prevent incontinence
What is a primary prevention strategy for urothelial cancer?
Reducing exposure to chemicals, gas, and diesel fuel
What is the benefit of low-grade urothelial cancer?
It is less likely to grow, spread, and return after treatment
What is the primary goal of transurethral resection of bladder tumor?
To excise small tumors
What is the benefit of using BCG in intravesical chemotherapy?
It delays the growth of bladder cancer
Why is it necessary to avoid gas-producing foods in the diet after surgery?
To prevent incontinence
What is the role of the ureter opening in neobladder creation?
It brings urine to the skin
What is the purpose of maintaining tissue integrity in nursing care?
To promote wound healing
What is the purpose of cystoscopy in bladder cancer diagnosis?
To visualize the bladder and take a biopsy
What is the benefit of neobladder creation?
It creates a continent reservoir for urine
What is the primary goal of radiation therapy in bladder cancer treatment?
To kill cancer cells
How often should the neobladder be emptied after surgery?
Every 2-5 hours
What is the main function of the FGFR3 gene?
Providing instructions for making a protein involved in bone cell formation
What is the characteristic of low-grade urothelial cancer?
It is less likely to grow, spread and return after treatment
What is the primary test used for the definitive diagnosis of urothelial cancer?
Cystoscopy with biopsy
What is the risk factor for urothelial cancer represented by the letter 'C'?
Chemical exposure
What is the term used to describe the lining of transitional cells in the kidney, renal pelvis, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra?
Urothelium
What is the benefit of smoking cessation in the prevention of urothelial cancer?
It reduces the risk of developing urothelial cancer
What is the characteristic of multifocal urothelial cancer in the bladder?
It is more than one tumor arising from one original tumor
What is the purpose of genetic testing in the prevention of urothelial cancer?
To identify individuals with a high risk of developing urothelial cancer
What is the first symptom of urothelial cancer?
Painless hematuria
Study Notes
Urothelial (Bladder) Cancer
- Malignant tumors of the urothelium, the lining of transitional cells in the kidney, renal pelvis, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra.
- Also known as bladder cancer, as most of these cancers occur in the bladder.
Characteristics
- Low grade: less likely to grow, spread, and return after treatment.
- Multifocal in bladder: more than one tumor arising from one original tumor.
Risk Factors
- CEE S F:
- Chemical exposure (hair dyes, rubber, paints, etc.).
- Exposure to gas and diesel fuel.
- Excessive alcohol.
- Smoking.
- FGFR2 and FGFR3 genes.
FGFR2 and FGFR3 Genes
- FGFR2 protein: supports bone growth, particularly during development before birth (embryonic development).
- Signals certain immature cells in the developing embryo to become bone cells and form the head, hands, feet, and other tissues.
- FGFR3 gene: provides instructions for making fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (protein).
Signs and Symptoms
- Painless hematuria: first symptom.
Primary Prevention
- SAR:
- Smoking cessation.
- Alcohol cessation.
- Reducing exposure to chemicals, gas, and diesel fuel.
Secondary Prevention
- Genetic testing.
- Cystoscopy with biopsy: definitive test.
- Cystoscopy: procedure to look inside the bladder using a thin camera called a cystoscope.
Tertiary Prevention
- Surgery:
- Can excise tumor.
- Types:
- Ileal Conduit: transurethral resection of bladder for small tumors.
- Involves Cystectomy: complete bladder removal.
- Creates Neobladder: continent reservoir; intestinal graft.
- Made from large intestines sewn together to form a pouch.
- Requires functioning urethra.
- Ureter opening brought to skin.
- Will have a drain.
- Irrigate to be sure it’s patent.
- Patient will not feel bladder fullness.
Nursing Care
- Concern over extreme weight loss first weeks after surgery.
- Maintain tissue integrity.
- Diet:
- Avoid gas-producing foods to prevent incontinence.
- How to use pouches, adhesives, and emptying (usually q 2-5 hrs.).
- Emotional, body image, sexual issues, and social problems.
Treatment Options
- Radiation therapy.
- Chemotherapy.
- Intravesical chemotherapy: first treatment.
- Bladder instillation of BCG (live virus compound).
- BCG: helps to stop or delay bladder cancers growing back or spreading into the deeper layers of the bladder.
Test your knowledge of urothelial cancer, its risk factors, and characteristics. Learn about the lining of transitional cells, low-grade and multifocal tumors, and more. Take this quiz to become an expert on bladder cancer!
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