Podcast Beta
Questions and Answers
What is the angle of femoral neck anteversion in adults?
What is the depth of the acetabulum responsible for?
What is the primary characteristic of the hip joint's bony anatomy?
What is the primary function of the acetabular labrum?
Signup and view all the answers
Which ligament is biomechanically compared to the anterior tibiofibular ligament?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the range of dorsiflexion in the bimalleolar axis?
Signup and view all the answers
During closed kinetic chain, what movement causes tibia internal rotation?
Signup and view all the answers
What percentage of syndesmosis movement is attributed to fibula proximal/distal migration?
Signup and view all the answers
Which ligament contributes to the stabilization of the foot structure and allows three-plan motion of pronation and supination?
Signup and view all the answers
During pronation, how does the foot behave?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of structure does the foot become during supination?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main phase for achieving supination during gait?
Signup and view all the answers
What does the foot mainly achieve during the phase of contact with the soil?
Signup and view all the answers
What allows the foot to obtain appropriate information through its rich proprioceptive apparatus?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of motion do muscles allow in harmony with articular constraints?
Signup and view all the answers
Which compartment contains the muscles that dorsiflex the ankle and extend the toes?
Signup and view all the answers
Which muscle is responsible for ankle dorsiflexion and forefoot inversion?
Signup and view all the answers
Which nerve innervates the Extensor Digitorum Longus (EDL)?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the action of Extensor Hallucis Longus (EHL)?
Signup and view all the answers
Which muscle is responsible for weak ankle dorsiflexion and forefoot eversion?
Signup and view all the answers
Which nerve innervates the Fibularis (Peroneus) Longus (FL)?
Signup and view all the answers
Where does the tendon of Fibularis (Peroneus) Longus (FL) course behind before going to its place of insertion?
Signup and view all the answers
Which muscle is NOT part of the superficial posterior compartment?
Signup and view all the answers
Which nerve innervates the muscles in the deep posterior compartment?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the action of Popliteus muscle?
Signup and view all the answers
Which muscle originates from the shaft of the tibia?
Signup and view all the answers
Which muscle inserts at the base of the distal phalanx of the big toe?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the typical anteversion angle between the neck and shaft of the femur in the coronal plane?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the typical acetabular version in relation to anteversion and abduction?
Signup and view all the answers
Where is the center of gravity in humans located in relation to the S2 vertebra?
Signup and view all the answers
How does the hip joint operate biomechanically?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a characteristic of coxa valga?
Signup and view all the answers
What does the Trendelenburg sign indicate?
Signup and view all the answers
How does using a cane ipsilaterally affect the force exerted by body weight on the loaded hip?
Signup and view all the answers
Which muscles are part of the thigh's surface anatomy and have specific functions related to hip and knee movement?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the knee joint conditions affecting the knee joint, leading to compression and damage in the lateral and medial compartments, respectively?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the potential effects of coxa vara?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the distinct ranges of motion and joint characteristics involved in the lower limb's knee and ankle articulation?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the typical valgus angle of the anatomical axis of the knee with respect to the mechanical axis?
Signup and view all the answers
Which ligaments are involved in the knee flexion-extension in the sagittal plane?
Signup and view all the answers
What biomechanical model improves flexion by delaying femur-tibia contact and enhances extension?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the expected behavior of the knee in terms of rotation during extension and flexion?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the purpose of the screw-home rotation in the knee?
Signup and view all the answers
What joint is affected by axial and torsional deformities of the lower limb, with the patella increasing the effectiveness of quadriceps tension during extension?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the Q angle influenced by?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of joint is the ankle?
Signup and view all the answers
What ligaments strain in specific movements of the ankle?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary function of the patella during extension?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary characteristic of the hip joint's bony anatomy?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of joint motion does the ankle allow?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Hip Joint Biomechanics and Lower Limb Articular Anatomy
- The hip joint can have a normal femoral neck angle, decreased femoral neck angle (coxa vara), or increased femoral neck angle (coxa valga).
- The anteversion angle between the neck and shaft in the coronal plane is typically 15-20 degrees anterior to the coronal plane.
- Acetabular version is typically anteverted 15 degrees and abducted laterally 45 degrees.
- The center of gravity in humans is just anterior to S2 and plays a role in hip joint extension and flexion through tilting of the pelvis.
- Biomechanically, the hip joint operates as a first-order lever, with forces from body weight and abductor muscles acting across the joint.
- Coxa valga is characterized by a lower greater trochanter (GT), reduced abductor lever arm, and increased joint reaction force.
- Coxa vara is characterized by a higher GT, increased abductor lever arm, decreased joint reaction force, and potential abductor inefficiency.
- The Trendelenburg sign indicates hip abductor muscle weakness, leading to a compensatory lateral lean of the trunk towards the painful stance limb.
- Using a cane ipsilaterally decreases the force exerted by body weight on the loaded hip, while using a cane contralaterally assists abductor muscles in providing counter-torque.
- The thigh's surface anatomy includes the sartorius, quadriceps, adductor longus, and hamstring muscles, each with specific functions related to hip and knee movement.
- The lower limb's knee and ankle articulation involve the tibiofemoral joint, patellofemoral complex, and menisci, and have distinct ranges of motion and joint characteristics.
- Genu valgum and genu varum are conditions affecting the knee joint, leading to compression and damage in the lateral and medial compartments, respectively.
Anatomy and Biomechanics of the Knee and Ankle
- The anatomical axis of the knee coincides with the diaphysis axis at a 6-7° valgus angle with respect to the mechanical axis.
- The anatomical and mechanical axis of the tibia coincide, with a 1-2° varus angle.
- The epiphyseal axis of the tibia forms a constant 90 +/- 2 degrees angle to the lateral tibial plateau.
- The knee flexion-extension occurs in the sagittal plane, involving the transepicondylar axis, ACL/PCL, MCL/LCL, and a complex muscular mechanism.
- The biomechanics of flexion/extension involve the hamstrings, quadriceps femoris, detensioning of ligaments, and limited extension by tensioning of LCA/LCP.
- The first biomechanical model, the 4 bars linkage, improves flexion by delaying femur-tibia contact and enhances extension.
- The ACL and PCL should be isometric, stiff, and not extendible throughout the entire range of motion.
- There is a movement of automatic rotation in the knee, with extension leading to external rotation and flexion to internal rotation.
- The screw-home rotation allows full knee extension and flexion by external rotation of the tibia and foot tip in the last degrees of extension.
- The patello-femoral joint is affected by axial and torsional deformities of the lower limb, with the patella increasing the effectiveness of quadriceps tension during extension.
- The Q angle, formed by the quadriceps muscle and the patellar tendon, affects the patello-femoral joint and is influenced by lower limb deformities.
- The ankle is a ginglymus joint with a talus biconcave dome and lateral ankle ligaments (ATFL, CFL, PTFL) that strain in specific movements.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
Test your knowledge of hip joint biomechanics, lower limb articular anatomy, knee articulation, and ankle biomechanics with this comprehensive quiz. Explore the anatomical and biomechanical aspects of the hip, knee, and ankle joints, including angles, ranges of motion, ligaments, and muscular mechanisms.
