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Questions and Answers
What is the femoral nerve primarily responsible for supplying?
What is the femoral nerve primarily responsible for supplying?
Which structure serves as the roof of the anterior femoral triangle?
Which structure serves as the roof of the anterior femoral triangle?
What is the main function of the iliopsoas muscle?
What is the main function of the iliopsoas muscle?
Which arteries are branches of the femoral artery?
Which arteries are branches of the femoral artery?
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Which structure lies laterally at the base of the anterior femoral triangle?
Which structure lies laterally at the base of the anterior femoral triangle?
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What is housed within the adductor canal?
What is housed within the adductor canal?
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What is the iliacus muscle's primary location?
What is the iliacus muscle's primary location?
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Which of the following nerves is a branch of the femoral nerve?
Which of the following nerves is a branch of the femoral nerve?
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Which compartment of the thigh is responsible for knee extension?
Which compartment of the thigh is responsible for knee extension?
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What is the primary action of the rectus femoris muscle?
What is the primary action of the rectus femoris muscle?
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Where does the vastus medialis muscle insert?
Where does the vastus medialis muscle insert?
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Which nerve primarily innervates the anterior compartment of the thigh?
Which nerve primarily innervates the anterior compartment of the thigh?
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Which muscle is NOT a part of the quadriceps femoris group?
Which muscle is NOT a part of the quadriceps femoris group?
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What action is performed by the iliacus muscle?
What action is performed by the iliacus muscle?
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The psoas major muscle innervated by which of the following?
The psoas major muscle innervated by which of the following?
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Which of the following actions does the sartorius muscle perform?
Which of the following actions does the sartorius muscle perform?
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What is the common origin for the quadriceps femoris muscles?
What is the common origin for the quadriceps femoris muscles?
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Which joint is located between the femoral region and the leg region?
Which joint is located between the femoral region and the leg region?
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Which artery connects with branches of the popliteal artery behind the knee after passing through multiple muscle groups?
Which artery connects with branches of the popliteal artery behind the knee after passing through multiple muscle groups?
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What is the primary nerve that supplies the medial compartment of the thigh muscles?
What is the primary nerve that supplies the medial compartment of the thigh muscles?
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Which muscle originates from the body of the pubis and inserts on the shaft of the femur?
Which muscle originates from the body of the pubis and inserts on the shaft of the femur?
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The great saphenous vein connects with which vein through the saphenous ring?
The great saphenous vein connects with which vein through the saphenous ring?
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Which artery supplies blood to the adductor magnus muscle?
Which artery supplies blood to the adductor magnus muscle?
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What action is primarily performed by the gracilis muscle?
What action is primarily performed by the gracilis muscle?
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Which muscle is located in the medial compartment of the thigh and is innervated by the obturator nerve?
Which muscle is located in the medial compartment of the thigh and is innervated by the obturator nerve?
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What is the primary function of the obturator externus muscle?
What is the primary function of the obturator externus muscle?
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Where does the femoral vein become the external iliac vein?
Where does the femoral vein become the external iliac vein?
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Which of the following is NOT a branch of the deep artery of the thigh?
Which of the following is NOT a branch of the deep artery of the thigh?
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Study Notes
Lower Limb Regions
- The lower limb comprises six regions: gluteal, femoral (thigh), knee, leg, ankle, and foot.
Thigh Compartments
- The thigh is divided into three compartments by intermuscular septa.
- Anterior (extensor)
- Posterior (flexor)
- Medial (adductor)
Anterior Thigh Compartment
- Muscles: Hip flexors (Quadriceps femoris, Sartorius, Psoas major, and Iliacus).
- Blood vessels: Femoral vessels and great saphenous vein.
- Nerves: Femoral nerve.
- Structures: Femoral triangle, femoral sheath, and adductor canal.
- Quadriceps Femoris:
- a) Rectus femoris
- b) Vastus medialis
- c) Vastus intermedius
- d) Vastus lateralis
- Nerve supply: Femoral nerve
- Action: Knee extension and hip flexion (rectus femoris)
Muscle Details (Anterior Thigh Compartment)
- Rectus Femoris: Originates from anterior inferior iliac spine; reflected head from the ilium. Insertion: Quadriceps tendon. Action: Hip flexion, knee extension.
- Vastus Medialis: Originates from intertrochanteric line, medial lip of the linea aspera, medial supracondylar line. Insertion: Quadriceps tendon. Action: Knee extension.
- Vastus Intermedius: Originates from the upper 2/3 anterior and lateral surfaces of the femur. Insertion: Quadriceps tendon and lateral margin of the patella. Action: Knee extension.
- Vastus Lateralis: Originates from greater trochanter, lateral intertrochanteric line, margin of gluteal tuberosity, and lateral lip of the linea aspera. Insertion: Quadriceps tendon. Action: Knee extension.
Sartorius Muscle
- Oblique muscle.
- Nerve supply: Femoral nerve.
- Action: Knee flexion, hip flexion, thigh abduction, and lateral rotation.
Psoas Major Muscle
- Nerve supply: L1-L3 nerves.
- Action: Hip flexion, thigh lateral rotation.
Iliacus Muscle
- Nerve supply: Femoral nerve.
- Action: Hip flexion, thigh lateral rotation.
Femoral Triangle
- Boundaries: Inguinal ligament superiorly, sartorius laterally, adductor longus medially.
- Floor: Iliopsoas, pectineus, and adductor longus.
- Roof: Skin and fasciae of the thigh.
- Contents: femoral nerve, femoral artery, and femoral vein.
Adductor Canal (Subsartorial Canal)
- Located in the middle third of the thigh.
- Boundaries: anteriorly and laterally—vastus medialis; posteriorly—adductor longus and magnus; medially—sartorius.
- Contents: femoral artery and vein, saphenous nerve, nerve to vastus medialis.
Femoral Nerve
- Largest branch of lumbar plexus (L2, 3, and 4)
- Branches include anterior cutaneous branches, motor branches, and one long cutaneous nerve—saphenous nerve (supplies skin distally).
Femoral Artery
- Continuation of external iliac artery after crossing inguinal ligament.
- Branches: superficial epigastric artery, superficial circumflex iliac artery, superficial external pudendal artery, deep external pudendal artery, profunda femoris artery.
Deep Artery of Thigh (Profunda Femoris Artery)
- Largest branch of femoral artery, supplying thigh.
- Passes between pectineus and adductor longus muscles, adductor longus and brevis muscles.
- Branches: lateral circumflex femoral artery, medial circumflex femoral artery, four perforating arteries.
Femoral Vein
- Major deep vein draining the limb.
- Tributaries follow the femoral artery branches (vena comitantes).
Great Saphenous Vein
- Originates from the medial side of the dorsal venous arch of the foot.
- Ascends up the medial side of the leg, knee, and thigh.
- Connects with the femoral vein through the saphenous ring.
Medial Thigh Compartment
- Muscles: adductor longus, brevis, magnus, gracilis, pectineus, obturator externus.
- Blood supply: deep artery of thigh, obturator artery.
- Nerve supply: Obturator nerve.
Obturator Artery
- Branch of the internal iliac artery.
- Enters the thigh through the obturator canal.
- Bifurcates into anterior and posterior branches.
Obturator Nerve
- Arises from lumbar plexus (L2, 3, and 4).
- Enters the thigh through the obturator foramen.
- Divides into anterior and posterior divisions.
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Description
Test your knowledge of the lower limb anatomy, focusing on the regions and compartments of the thigh. This quiz covers key muscles, blood vessels, and nerve supply in the anterior thigh compartment, as well as their respective actions. Perfect for anatomy students looking to reinforce their understanding!
