Lower Limb Anatomy Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the femoral nerve primarily responsible for supplying?

  • Adducting the thigh
  • Extending the knee joint
  • Rotating the hip joint
  • Flexing the hip joint (correct)

Which structure serves as the roof of the anterior femoral triangle?

  • Skin and fasciae of the thigh (correct)
  • Sartorius muscle
  • Inguinal ligament
  • Adductor longus muscle

What is the main function of the iliopsoas muscle?

  • Adduction of the thigh
  • Abduction of the thigh
  • Flexion of the hip joint (correct)
  • Extension of the knee joint

Which arteries are branches of the femoral artery?

<p>Profunda femoris artery (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure lies laterally at the base of the anterior femoral triangle?

<p>Sartorius muscle (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is housed within the adductor canal?

<p>Femoral artery and vein (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the iliacus muscle's primary location?

<p>Iliac fossa (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following nerves is a branch of the femoral nerve?

<p>Saphenous nerve (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which compartment of the thigh is responsible for knee extension?

<p>Anterior compartment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary action of the rectus femoris muscle?

<p>Knee extension and hip flexion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the vastus medialis muscle insert?

<p>Medial border of the patella (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve primarily innervates the anterior compartment of the thigh?

<p>Femoral nerve (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is NOT a part of the quadriceps femoris group?

<p>Sartorius (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action is performed by the iliacus muscle?

<p>Hip flexion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The psoas major muscle innervated by which of the following?

<p>L1-L3 nerves (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following actions does the sartorius muscle perform?

<p>Hip flexion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the common origin for the quadriceps femoris muscles?

<p>Anterior inferior iliac spine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which joint is located between the femoral region and the leg region?

<p>Knee joint (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which artery connects with branches of the popliteal artery behind the knee after passing through multiple muscle groups?

<p>Deep artery of thigh (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary nerve that supplies the medial compartment of the thigh muscles?

<p>Obturator nerve (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle originates from the body of the pubis and inserts on the shaft of the femur?

<p>Adductor longus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The great saphenous vein connects with which vein through the saphenous ring?

<p>Femoral vein (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which artery supplies blood to the adductor magnus muscle?

<p>Deep artery of thigh (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action is primarily performed by the gracilis muscle?

<p>Adduction of the thigh and flexion of the leg (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is located in the medial compartment of the thigh and is innervated by the obturator nerve?

<p>Adductor brevis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the obturator externus muscle?

<p>Lateral rotation of the thigh (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the femoral vein become the external iliac vein?

<p>At the inguinal ligament (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a branch of the deep artery of the thigh?

<p>Great saphenous vein (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Anterior Femoral Triangle

A triangular space on the front of the thigh, bordered by the inguinal ligament, sartorius muscle, and adductor longus muscle. It contains important structures like the femoral artery, vein, and nerve.

Femoral Nerve

The largest branch of the lumbar plexus, composed of nerve fibers from the L2, L3, and L4 spinal nerves. It emerges from the psoas muscle and enters the thigh deep to the inguinal ligament.

Adductor (Subsartorial) Canal

A long, narrow passageway in the middle of the thigh, extending from the apex of the femoral triangle to the adductor hiatus. It contains the femoral artery, vein, and saphenous nerve.

Deep Artery of Thigh (Profunda Femoris Artery)

The main blood supply to the thigh, arising from the femoral artery. It provides branches to nourish thigh muscles.

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Femoral Artery

The continuation of the external iliac artery after it passes deep to the inguinal ligament. It descends down the thigh and becomes the popliteal artery.

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Iliacus

The largest muscle in the hip, which flexes and rotates the thigh. It originates from the iliac fossa and inserts into the lesser trochanter of the femur.

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Adductor Muscles

A group of muscles that adduct the thigh, bringing the leg closer to the midline. They include the adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor magnus, gracilis, and pectineus.

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Sartorius Muscle

The most superficial muscle in the anterior thigh. It flexes and externally rotates the thigh.

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Compartments of the thigh

The thigh is divided into three compartments by intermuscular septa. These compartments are anterior, posterior, and medial.

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Anterior compartment muscles

The anterior compartment of the thigh contains muscles that are involved in extending the knee and flexing the hip.

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Quadriceps femoris

The quadriceps femoris muscle is located in the anterior compartment of the thigh. It is responsible for extending the knee.

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Parts of the quadriceps femoris

The vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, and vastus lateralis are three parts of the quadriceps femoris muscle.

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Rectus femoris

The rectus femoris is a part of the quadriceps femoris muscle. It is also involved in flexing the hip.

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Psoas major

The psoas major is a deep hip flexor that contributes to thigh lateral rotation.

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Iliacus muscle

The iliacus is a hip flexor that works together with the psoas major to contribute to thigh lateral rotation.

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Femoral vessels

The femoral vessels include the femoral artery and femoral vein. They supply blood to the anterior thigh.

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Femoral Vein

The major deep vein draining the limb. It becomes the external iliac vein when it passes under the inguinal ligament to enter the abdomen.

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Obturator Artery

A branch of the internal iliac artery in the pelvic cavity. It enters the medial compartment of the thigh through the obturator canal.

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Deep Artery of the Thigh (Profunda Femoris Artery)

The main artery supplying the thigh. It courses through the medial compartment, passing between muscles and eventually connects with branches of the popliteal artery behind the knee.

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Great Saphenous Vein

A vein originating on the medial side of the foot and ascending to join the femoral vein near the inguinal ligament.

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Adduction

The action of moving a limb towards the midline of the body.

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Adductor Longus Muscle

A muscle located on the medial side of the thigh, responsible for adducting the thigh at the hip joint.

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Adductor Magnus Muscle

A muscle located on the medial side of the thigh, responsible for adducting and medially rotating the thigh at the hip joint.

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Gracilis Muscle

A muscle located on the medial side of the thigh, responsible for adducting the thigh at the hip joint and flexing the leg at the knee joint.

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Pectineus Muscle

A muscle located on the medial side of the thigh, responsible for adducting and flexing the thigh at the hip joint.

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Obturator Externus Muscle

A muscle located on the external side of the thigh, responsible for laterally rotating the thigh at the hip joint.

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Study Notes

Lower Limb Regions

  • The lower limb comprises six regions: gluteal, femoral (thigh), knee, leg, ankle, and foot.

Thigh Compartments

  • The thigh is divided into three compartments by intermuscular septa.
    • Anterior (extensor)
    • Posterior (flexor)
    • Medial (adductor)

Anterior Thigh Compartment

  • Muscles: Hip flexors (Quadriceps femoris, Sartorius, Psoas major, and Iliacus).
  • Blood vessels: Femoral vessels and great saphenous vein.
  • Nerves: Femoral nerve.
  • Structures: Femoral triangle, femoral sheath, and adductor canal.
  • Quadriceps Femoris:
    • a) Rectus femoris
    • b) Vastus medialis
    • c) Vastus intermedius
    • d) Vastus lateralis
  • Nerve supply: Femoral nerve
  • Action: Knee extension and hip flexion (rectus femoris)

Muscle Details (Anterior Thigh Compartment)

  • Rectus Femoris: Originates from anterior inferior iliac spine; reflected head from the ilium. Insertion: Quadriceps tendon. Action: Hip flexion, knee extension.
  • Vastus Medialis: Originates from intertrochanteric line, medial lip of the linea aspera, medial supracondylar line. Insertion: Quadriceps tendon. Action: Knee extension.
  • Vastus Intermedius: Originates from the upper 2/3 anterior and lateral surfaces of the femur. Insertion: Quadriceps tendon and lateral margin of the patella. Action: Knee extension.
  • Vastus Lateralis: Originates from greater trochanter, lateral intertrochanteric line, margin of gluteal tuberosity, and lateral lip of the linea aspera. Insertion: Quadriceps tendon. Action: Knee extension.

Sartorius Muscle

  • Oblique muscle.
  • Nerve supply: Femoral nerve.
  • Action: Knee flexion, hip flexion, thigh abduction, and lateral rotation.

Psoas Major Muscle

  • Nerve supply: L1-L3 nerves.
  • Action: Hip flexion, thigh lateral rotation.

Iliacus Muscle

  • Nerve supply: Femoral nerve.
  • Action: Hip flexion, thigh lateral rotation.

Femoral Triangle

  • Boundaries: Inguinal ligament superiorly, sartorius laterally, adductor longus medially.
  • Floor: Iliopsoas, pectineus, and adductor longus.
  • Roof: Skin and fasciae of the thigh.
  • Contents: femoral nerve, femoral artery, and femoral vein.

Adductor Canal (Subsartorial Canal)

  • Located in the middle third of the thigh.
  • Boundaries: anteriorly and laterally—vastus medialis; posteriorly—adductor longus and magnus; medially—sartorius.
  • Contents: femoral artery and vein, saphenous nerve, nerve to vastus medialis.

Femoral Nerve

  • Largest branch of lumbar plexus (L2, 3, and 4)
  • Branches include anterior cutaneous branches, motor branches, and one long cutaneous nerve—saphenous nerve (supplies skin distally).

Femoral Artery

  • Continuation of external iliac artery after crossing inguinal ligament.
  • Branches: superficial epigastric artery, superficial circumflex iliac artery, superficial external pudendal artery, deep external pudendal artery, profunda femoris artery.

Deep Artery of Thigh (Profunda Femoris Artery)

  • Largest branch of femoral artery, supplying thigh.
  • Passes between pectineus and adductor longus muscles, adductor longus and brevis muscles.
  • Branches: lateral circumflex femoral artery, medial circumflex femoral artery, four perforating arteries.

Femoral Vein

  • Major deep vein draining the limb.
  • Tributaries follow the femoral artery branches (vena comitantes).

Great Saphenous Vein

  • Originates from the medial side of the dorsal venous arch of the foot.
  • Ascends up the medial side of the leg, knee, and thigh.
  • Connects with the femoral vein through the saphenous ring.

Medial Thigh Compartment

  • Muscles: adductor longus, brevis, magnus, gracilis, pectineus, obturator externus.
  • Blood supply: deep artery of thigh, obturator artery.
  • Nerve supply: Obturator nerve.

Obturator Artery

  • Branch of the internal iliac artery.
  • Enters the thigh through the obturator canal.
  • Bifurcates into anterior and posterior branches.

Obturator Nerve

  • Arises from lumbar plexus (L2, 3, and 4).
  • Enters the thigh through the obturator foramen.
  • Divides into anterior and posterior divisions.

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Lower Limb Anatomy: Front and Medial Thigh PDF

Description

Test your knowledge of the lower limb anatomy, focusing on the regions and compartments of the thigh. This quiz covers key muscles, blood vessels, and nerve supply in the anterior thigh compartment, as well as their respective actions. Perfect for anatomy students looking to reinforce their understanding!

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