Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which bone is NOT part of the lower limb skeleton?
Which bone is NOT part of the lower limb skeleton?
What is the primary action of the muscles located in the lower limb?
What is the primary action of the muscles located in the lower limb?
Which ligament is NOT a pelvic ligament?
Which ligament is NOT a pelvic ligament?
Which of the following structures is associated with the greater sciatic foramen?
Which of the following structures is associated with the greater sciatic foramen?
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Which of the following arteries is primarily responsible for supplying the lower limb?
Which of the following arteries is primarily responsible for supplying the lower limb?
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Which type of foot movement is primarily associated with the action of plantarflexion?
Which type of foot movement is primarily associated with the action of plantarflexion?
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What is the primary role of the anterior compartment of the leg?
What is the primary role of the anterior compartment of the leg?
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Which nerve is primarily responsible for innervating the muscles in the anterior tibial group?
Which nerve is primarily responsible for innervating the muscles in the anterior tibial group?
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Which of the following tendons is located in the anterior compartment and does not pass behind either malleolus?
Which of the following tendons is located in the anterior compartment and does not pass behind either malleolus?
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Which action is performed by the extensor digitorum longus?
Which action is performed by the extensor digitorum longus?
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What is the primary function of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)?
What is the primary function of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)?
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Which joint allows for dorsiflexion and plantar flexion?
Which joint allows for dorsiflexion and plantar flexion?
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Which of the following is NOT a function of the hip joint?
Which of the following is NOT a function of the hip joint?
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What type of joint is the knee joint classified as?
What type of joint is the knee joint classified as?
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Which muscle group primarily extends the knee?
Which muscle group primarily extends the knee?
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A muscle that crosses the hip joint posteriorly is likely to perform which action?
A muscle that crosses the hip joint posteriorly is likely to perform which action?
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Which of the following movements occurs at the intertarsal joint?
Which of the following movements occurs at the intertarsal joint?
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What is a common characteristic of the iliopsoas group of muscles?
What is a common characteristic of the iliopsoas group of muscles?
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Which nerve is typically injured in cases of 'foot drop'?
Which nerve is typically injured in cases of 'foot drop'?
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What role does the superior gluteal nerve play in the lower limb?
What role does the superior gluteal nerve play in the lower limb?
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Which condition is NOT a common cause of sciatica?
Which condition is NOT a common cause of sciatica?
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Where is the obturator nerve typically located in relation to the adductor longus muscle?
Where is the obturator nerve typically located in relation to the adductor longus muscle?
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Which nerve innervates the muscles situated deep to the gastrocnemius and soleus?
Which nerve innervates the muscles situated deep to the gastrocnemius and soleus?
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Which muscle is responsible for flexing the hallux?
Which muscle is responsible for flexing the hallux?
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What is the primary action of the muscles in the posterior compartment?
What is the primary action of the muscles in the posterior compartment?
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Which nerve innervates the muscles of the lateral compartment?
Which nerve innervates the muscles of the lateral compartment?
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Which muscle does NOT contribute to toe flexion?
Which muscle does NOT contribute to toe flexion?
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What is a common feature of the fibularis group of muscles?
What is a common feature of the fibularis group of muscles?
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Which statement correctly describes the path of the tendons from the posterior compartment muscles?
Which statement correctly describes the path of the tendons from the posterior compartment muscles?
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What foot movement is associated with the action of tibialis posterior?
What foot movement is associated with the action of tibialis posterior?
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Which of the following muscles would be involved in plantarflexion of the foot?
Which of the following muscles would be involved in plantarflexion of the foot?
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Study Notes
Lower Limb Skeleton
- Pelvic bones, femur, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges
Lower Limb Joints & Ligaments
- Hip joint (Coxal joint): Ball & socket joint; flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, medial & lateral rotation
- Knee joint (tibiofemoral joint): Hinge joint; flexion & extension
- Ankle joint (talocrural joint): Hinge joint; dorsiflexion & plantar flexion
- Intertarsal joint (Subtalar joint): Plane joint; eversion & inversion
Lower Limb Muscles
-
Hip and Thigh muscles:
-
Iliopsoas group (2):
- Psoas major & Iliacus: Insert on lesser trochanter, flex the thigh (hip joint)
-
Quadriceps group (5):
- Insert on tibial tuberosity, extend the knee
- Vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, rectus femoris
-
Iliopsoas group (2):
-
Posterior compartment (3):
- Innervated by tibial nerve, tendons pass posterior to medial malleolus
- Tibialis posterior: Plantarflex foot, invert foot
- Flexor digitorum longus: Plantarflex foot, flex toes 2 to 5
- Flexor hallucis longus: Plantarflex foot, flex the hallux
-
Lateral compartment: Fibularis group (2)
- Originate from lateral surface of fibula, pass posterior to lateral malleolus
- Fibularis longus: Plantarflex foot, evert foot
- Fibularis brevis: Plantarflex foot, evert foot
-
Anterior compartment: Anterior tibial group (4):
- Insertion tendons located on dorsal foot
- Tibialis anterior: Dorsiflex foot, invert foot
- Extensor digitorum longus: Dorsiflex foot, extend toes 2-5
- Extensor hallucis longus: Dorsiflex foot, extend the hallux
- Fibularis tertius: Dorsiflex foot, evert foot
Lower Limb Arteries & Veins
- Superficial veins drain into deep veins
Lower Limb Motor Nerves
- All lower limb muscle is hypaxial, therefore, somatic motor innervation is by ventral rami
-
Nerves of the lumbosacral plexus:
- Superior & inferior gluteal nerves
- Obturator nerve
- Femoral nerve
-
Sciatic nerve:
- Tibial nerve
-
Common fibular nerve:
- Deep fibular nerve
- Superficial fibular nerve
Common Clinical Problems of Lower Limb Nerves
-
Sciatica: A symptom caused by:
- Disc herniation
- Lumbar spinal stenosis
- “Piriformis Syndrome”
- Injury to common fibular nerve: “Foot drop”
- Injury to tibial nerve: Tarsal tunnel syndrome
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Description
Test your knowledge on the anatomy of the lower limb, including bones, joints, ligaments, and muscles. This quiz covers the pelvic bones, femur, tibia, fibula, and associated joint functions. Dive into the specific details of muscle groups and their actions in the lower limb.
