Lower Limb Anatomy: Bones

Pelvic Girdle & Lower Limb Functions

• The pelvic girdle connects the axial skeleton to the lower limbs, providing support and stability for the body.
• The lower limb bones include: femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, and phalanges.

Anatomy of the Hip Bone

• The ilium, pubis, and ischium fuse to form the hip bone.
• The acetabulum is a deep, socket-like depression on the lateral surface of the hip bone that forms the hip joint with the head of the femur.
• The iliac crest is a wide, curved border of the ilium, serving as an attachment point for muscles.
• The iliacus muscle originates from the iliac fossa, a smooth concave surface on the inner surface of the ilium.

Pelvic Girdle Structures & Features

• The pubic symphysis is a cartilaginous joint between the left and right pubic bones, allowing limited movement.
• The obturator foramen is a large opening in the hip bone, through which nerves and blood vessels pass.
• The innominate bone is another term for the hip bone and comprises of three parts: ilium, pubis, and ischium.

True Leg Length Measurement

• To determine a patient's 'true' leg length, the distance between the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) and the medial malleolus is measured, taking into account any leg length discrepancies.

Exam Format and Evaluation

• The theory section of the exam format should be reviewed.
• Disqualification from the final exam can occur due to specific reasons, which should be reviewed.
• The final score will be calculated by combining the scores from different sections.
• Ensure to review approved reference materials for the course.