Human Anatomy LM Notebook Review - Thigh, Leg, Foot, Brachial Plexus

Superior: Inguinal ligament; Lateral: Sartorius muscle; Medial: Adductor longus muscle; Floor: Iliopsoas and pectineus muscles

Femoral Nerve, Artery, Vein, and Lymphatics within Femoral Sheath

Femoral nerve controls both actions; Affected nerve leads to weakness of iliacus, psoas, and quadriceps muscles

Begins as External Iliac, passes under inguinal ligament, through adductor canal and becomes popliteal artery

Supplies anterior and medial thigh compartments; profunda branch for medial and posterior; then becomes popliteal artery in posterior knee

Long Head: Tibial Division of Sciatic Nerve; Short Head: Common Fibular Division of Sciatic Nerve

Long head flexes knee and extends hip. Short head only flexes the knee.

Angle formed by lines drawn from the anterior superior iliac spine to the patella and from the patella to the tibial tuberosity. Important for knee alignment.

The angle formed by lines from the ASIS to the patella and the patella to the tibial tuberosity, indicating quadriceps pull relative to patellar tendon.

Originates from the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS).

Inserts at the pes anserine, part of the medial tibia.

Nerve supplying sensory to medial thigh and motor to adductor muscles.

Primary knee extension, some hip flexion (rectus femoris).

Primarily responsible for thigh adduction.

Primarily hip extension and knee flexion.

Lateral and medial circumflex femoral arteries supply joint capsule and retinacula.

Foveal artery within ligament of the head of the femur supplies the head directly.

Dorsiflexion and plantar flexion.

The lower leg muscles are organized into four groups (anterior, lateral, superficial posterior, and deep posterior) each with specific roles in movement.

Dorsiflexion (lifting the foot) and toe extension are the primary functions of the anterior compartment muscles.

Foot eversion (turning the sole outward) is the main action of the muscles in the lateral compartment.

The gastrocnemius and soleus muscles are powerful plantarflexors (pointing the foot downward).

Plantarflexion, toe flexion, and inversion (turning the sole inward) are the key actions of deep posterior compartment muscles.

Supports medial longitudinal arch of the foot; plantarflexes and inverts foot

Higher arch from calcaneus to 1st metatarsal; supported by plantar fascia, spring ligament, etc.

Flatter arch from calcaneus to 5th metatarsal; supported by plantar ligaments and other muscles

Triplanar movement: dorsiflexion, eversion, abduction; adapts foot to uneven surfaces

Opposite of pronation; plantarflexion, inversion, adduction; firm foot position

Tibial nerve sensory issue; originates from sciatic, travels through leg, branches into plantar nerves

Four layers of muscles that control toe movements (abduction, flexion, etc.)

Major artery supplying plantar side of foot, branches into plantar arteries

Tibial nerve compression in tarsal tunnel; causes pain and numbness

High-risk due to limited blood supply; can lead to complications like avascular necrosis