lower limb

MSK, Lower Limbs - 1 & 2

• The lecture will cover anatomical movements, bony skeleton of lower limbs, muscles (gluteal, thigh, leg & foot), joints (hip, knee, and ankle), and blood supply and nerves.

Anatomical Movements

• Flexion vs Extension: Movement along the sagittal plane
• Abduction vs Adduction: Movement in the coronal plane away from or towards the midline
• Lateral rotation vs Medial rotation: Movement of the anterior surface of the thigh away from or towards the midline

Bones of the Lower Limbs

• Diagram showing the overall view of the lower limb skeletal system:
  • Bones and joints of the lower limb: Hip, Hip joint, Thigh, Knee, Leg, Ankle, Foot
  • Detailed hip bone views (lateral and medial)
  • Detailed femur anatomy (with specific landmarks)
  • Detailed tibia and fibula anatomy -Detailed foot anatomy (superior, lateral, and medial views)

Muscles of the Hip Region & Thigh

• Diagram showing muscles of the hip region and thigh:
• specific muscles, including: Psoas major, Psoas minor, Iliacus, Tensor Fascia Latae, Pectineus.
• Table with information on muscles:
  • Proximal attachment
  • Distal attachment
  • Nerve supply
  • Blood supply
  • Action of each muscle

Gluteal Region Muscles

• Diagram with muscles included: Gluteus maximus, Gluteus medius, Gluteus minimus, Piriformis, Superior Gemelli, Obturator Internus, Inferior Gemelli, Quadratus Femoris
• Table with information on muscles:
  • Proximal attachment
  • Distal attachment
  • Nerve supply
  • Blood supply
  • Muscle actions

Thigh Anterior Compartment Muscles

• Diagram with muscles included: Sartorius, Rectus Femoris, Vastus Lateralis, Vastus Intermedius, and Vastus Medialis.
• Detailed information in Table format covering:
  • Proximal attachment
  • Distal attachment
  • Nerve supply
  • Blood supply
  • Muscle actions

Thigh Medial Compartment Muscles

• Diagram with muscles included: Adductor Brevis, Adductor Longus, Adductor Magnus, Gracilis.
• Detailed information in Table format covering:
  • Proximal attachment
  • Distal attachment
  • Nerve supply
  • Blood supply
  • Muscle actions

Thigh Posterior Compartment Muscles

• Diagram with muscles included: Vastus Lateralis, Biceps Femoris, Semitendinosus, and Semimembranosus, Gracilis, and Adductor Magnus
• Detailed information in Table format covering:
  • Proximal attachment
  • Distal attachment
  • Nerve supply
  • Blood supply
  • Muscle actions

Leg Anterior Compartment Muscles

• Diagram with muscles included: Tibialis Anterior, Fibularis Longus, Fibularis Tertius,Extensor Retinaculum, Gastrocnemius, Extensor Digitorum Longus, Extensor Hallucis Longus
• Detailed information in Table format covering:
  • Proximal attachment
  • Distal attachment
  • Nerve supply
  • Blood supply
  • Muscle actions

Leg Posterior Compartment (superficial) Muscles

• Diagram with muscles included: Gastrocnemius, Soleus, Plantaris
• Detailed information in Table format covering:
  • Proximal attachment
  • Distal attachment
  • Nerve supply
  • Blood supply
  • Muscle actions

Leg Posterior Compartment (deep) Muscles

• Diagram with muscles included: Popliteus, Tibialis posterior, Flexor Digitorum Longus, Flexor Hallucis Longus(detailed diagram and table format)
• Detailed information in Table format covering:
  • Proximal attachment
  • Distal attachment
  • Nerve supply
  • Blood supply
  • Muscle actions

Ankle Joint

• Images and information on the ankle joint's medial and lateral ligaments

Subtalar Joint Movements

• Information and images on the inversion and eversion movements of the subtalar joint

Toe Movements

• Images and information on toe flexion and extension

Arches of the Foot

• Description of the transverse and longitudinal arches

Footprints: Normal, Flatfoot, and High Arch

• Illustrations and descriptions of different foot types

Arterial Blood Supply

• Detailed diagrams and information covering blood vessels (e.g., common iliac, femoral, popliteal, anterior tibial, posterior tibial, and fibular arteries)

Venous Drainage

• Detailed diagrams and information covering venous drainage (e.g., superficial veins, deep veins)

Nerves of the Lower Limb

• Diagrams and descriptions of nerve pathways in the hip region, gluteal region, popliteal fossa, and leg

Radiographic Images (X-rays and CT scans)

• Images of a femoral head fracture.
• Lateral view X-ray of the knee.
• Sagittal view CT scan of the knee
• Lateral view of an ankle X-ray
• Anteroposterior view of an x-ray of the hip

References

• Atlas of Clinical Gross Anatomy 2nd Ed
• Functional Anatomy Musculoskeletal Anatomy, Kinesiology, and Palpation for Manual Therapists
• Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology-Pearson
• Human Anatomy Atlas – Visible Body