Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which structure is located lateral to the femoral artery?
Which structure is located lateral to the femoral artery?
What is the main muscle forming the base of the lateral femoral triangle?
What is the main muscle forming the base of the lateral femoral triangle?
How can the position of the iliopsoas be confirmed?
How can the position of the iliopsoas be confirmed?
What is noted when palpating the AIIS?
What is noted when palpating the AIIS?
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What action can be performed to locate the tensor fascia lata?
What action can be performed to locate the tensor fascia lata?
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Which muscle serves as the medial leg of the lateral femoral triangle?
Which muscle serves as the medial leg of the lateral femoral triangle?
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What is the proper technique to feel for the femoral artery?
What is the proper technique to feel for the femoral artery?
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How is the gracilis muscle's reaction described when the heel is dug in?
How is the gracilis muscle's reaction described when the heel is dug in?
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What defines the base of the medial femoral triangle?
What defines the base of the medial femoral triangle?
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Which muscle is located laterally in the medial femoral triangle?
Which muscle is located laterally in the medial femoral triangle?
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To palpate the pubic tubercle, where should you start?
To palpate the pubic tubercle, where should you start?
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Which maneuver helps locate the adductor longus?
Which maneuver helps locate the adductor longus?
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Where does the gracilis muscle attach?
Where does the gracilis muscle attach?
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How can one differentiate between the adductor longus and the gracilis?
How can one differentiate between the adductor longus and the gracilis?
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What is the shape of the inguinal ligament as it runs from the ASIS to the pubic tubercle?
What is the shape of the inguinal ligament as it runs from the ASIS to the pubic tubercle?
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Which muscle helps in identifying the lateral border of the medial femoral triangle when providing resistance?
Which muscle helps in identifying the lateral border of the medial femoral triangle when providing resistance?
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What is the significance of drawing a dashed line from the inferior part of the PSIS?
What is the significance of drawing a dashed line from the inferior part of the PSIS?
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What confirms the identification of the greater trochanter during palpation?
What confirms the identification of the greater trochanter during palpation?
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Where does the sciatic nerve exit in relation to the lines drawn during palpation?
Where does the sciatic nerve exit in relation to the lines drawn during palpation?
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How should one locate the piriformis muscle during palpation?
How should one locate the piriformis muscle during palpation?
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Which structure is palpated at the medial aspect of the gluteal fold?
Which structure is palpated at the medial aspect of the gluteal fold?
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What is the specific role of the hamstring muscle group in relation to the ischial tuberosity?
What is the specific role of the hamstring muscle group in relation to the ischial tuberosity?
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What is the characteristic feature of the piriformis muscle attachment?
What is the characteristic feature of the piriformis muscle attachment?
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Which line represents the communication between the midpoint of the PSIS and the sacral hiatus?
Which line represents the communication between the midpoint of the PSIS and the sacral hiatus?
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What should be done to confirm the location of the greater trochanter during palpation?
What should be done to confirm the location of the greater trochanter during palpation?
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Which anatomical structure is identified as a bony prominence on palpation of the lower extremity?
Which anatomical structure is identified as a bony prominence on palpation of the lower extremity?
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Study Notes
Lower Extremity: Hip Complex - Posterior Hip
- Palpate the PSIS (Posterior Superior Iliac Spine) and sacral hiatus.
- Start laterally and cranially on the iliac crest, moving inferiorly to identify the PSIS.
- Track the iliac crest's downward curve to the PSIS.
- Draw a line from the PSIS midpoint to the sacral hiatus, labeling this line "A". Divide line A into thirds.
- Palpate for the sacral hiatus, then the sacral horns (cornua sacralis).
- The S2 spinal process is variable in size, use your finger to find it. Follow the midline to the sacral hiatus.
- Palpate the greater trochanter.
- Locate the iliac crest midpoint, and palpate inferiorly for the greater trochanter.
- Confirm location by passively flexing the knee to 90 degrees and rotating the femur. If on the trochanter, you will feel the bone movement.
- Draw a line from the greater trochanter's cranial aspect midpoint to the PSIS midpoint, labeling this line "B". Dividing line B into thirds.
- Draw another line from the cranial aspect of the greater trochanter to the anterior 2/3 of line A, labeling this line "C". Divide line C into thirds.
- The triangle formed by the upper two thirds of line A, line B, and line C represent the location of the piriformis muscle.
Lower Extremity: Hip Complex - Medial Femoral Triangle
- Borders:
- Base: Inguinal ligament
- Lateral: Sartorius
- Medial: Adductor longus
- Locate the ASIS (Anterior Superior Iliac Spine) by palpating the iliac crest, moving from posterior lateral to anterior medial until you encounter a bony prominence.
- Palpate from the umbilicus caudally to locate the pubic tubercle.
- The inguinal ligament runs between the pubic tubercle and ASIS, thicker at the ASIS and thinner towards the pubic tubercle.
- Identify the sartorius muscle, forming the lateral leg of the medial femoral triangle.
Lower Extremity: Hip Complex - Lateral Femoral Triangle
- Borders:
- Base: Rectus femoris
- Lateral: Tensor fascia lata (TFL)
- Medial: Sartorius
- Location the Tensor fascia lata (TFL) which is the lateral leg of the triangle.
- Find the ASIS (Anterior Superior Iliac Spine) and find the internal rotation from posterior to superior of the greater trochanter.
- Locate the rectus femoris, which forms the floor of the triangle
- Ask the patient to extend their knee and locate to the Attachment of rectus femoris at the AIIS (anterior inferior iliac spine.)
Lower Extremity: Hip Complex - Gluteal Fold
- Palpate the ischial tuberosity in the region of the gluteal fold.
- Note the relationship of the ischial tuberosity to the greater trochanter.
- The hamstrings (except the short head of the biceps femoris) attach to the proximal lateral border of the ischial tuberosity.
Lower Extremity: Hip Complex - Hip Adductors
- Adductor longus:
- Palpate the tendon and muscle at the pubic tubercle while the patient performs isometric hip adduction.
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Description
This quiz focuses on palpation techniques for the hip complex, specifically the posterior hip. It includes steps to identify and locate key anatomical landmarks such as the PSIS and greater trochanter. Enhance your understanding of anatomy through practical palpation exercises.
