Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the normal average degree of femoral anteversion in adults?
What is the normal average degree of femoral anteversion in adults?
Which structure is located on the posterior aspect of the femur and joins the trochanters?
Which structure is located on the posterior aspect of the femur and joins the trochanters?
What is the typical appearance of the gait in a child with excessive femoral anteversion?
What is the typical appearance of the gait in a child with excessive femoral anteversion?
Which of the following features is described as a rounded elevation on the intertrochanteric crest?
Which of the following features is described as a rounded elevation on the intertrochanteric crest?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the typical degree of anteversion in infants?
What is the typical degree of anteversion in infants?
Signup and view all the answers
Which line is associated with the vastus medialis on the posterior aspect of the femur?
Which line is associated with the vastus medialis on the posterior aspect of the femur?
Signup and view all the answers
What condition is often indicated by excessive femoral anteversion in children?
What condition is often indicated by excessive femoral anteversion in children?
Signup and view all the answers
What clinical intervention has been shown to have no difference in outcome for excessive femoral anteversion?
What clinical intervention has been shown to have no difference in outcome for excessive femoral anteversion?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the average angle of inclination for the femur in adults?
What is the average angle of inclination for the femur in adults?
Signup and view all the answers
Which condition is defined by a diminished angle of inclination in the femur?
Which condition is defined by a diminished angle of inclination in the femur?
Signup and view all the answers
Which part of the femur serves as the transition from the neck to the shaft?
Which part of the femur serves as the transition from the neck to the shaft?
Signup and view all the answers
In which age group is the angle of inclination greater than the adult normal of approximately 125°?
In which age group is the angle of inclination greater than the adult normal of approximately 125°?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the gender and developmental influence on the angle of inclination according to the provided content?
What is the gender and developmental influence on the angle of inclination according to the provided content?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following best describes excessive femoral anteversion?
Which of the following best describes excessive femoral anteversion?
Signup and view all the answers
What anatomical feature of the femur is commonly identified as the site of fractures?
What anatomical feature of the femur is commonly identified as the site of fractures?
Signup and view all the answers
What feature is located at the center of the femoral head that serves as an important landmark?
What feature is located at the center of the femoral head that serves as an important landmark?
Signup and view all the answers
What structural change indicates the need for braces during growth and development?
What structural change indicates the need for braces during growth and development?
Signup and view all the answers
Which ligament becomes taut during hyperextension of the hip joint?
Which ligament becomes taut during hyperextension of the hip joint?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary feature of the hip joint's shape?
What is the primary feature of the hip joint's shape?
Signup and view all the answers
What does excessive femoral anteversion typically lead to in terms of leg positioning?
What does excessive femoral anteversion typically lead to in terms of leg positioning?
Signup and view all the answers
Which aspect of femoral anatomy contains the small artery to the head of the femur?
Which aspect of femoral anatomy contains the small artery to the head of the femur?
Signup and view all the answers
What angle refers to the inclination of the femoral neck relative to the shaft?
What angle refers to the inclination of the femoral neck relative to the shaft?
Signup and view all the answers
What condition may require orthopedic surgery in a mature skeleton?
What condition may require orthopedic surgery in a mature skeleton?
Signup and view all the answers
What anatomical structure deepens the cup of the acetabulum?
What anatomical structure deepens the cup of the acetabulum?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Lower Extremity: Femur Osteology, Blood Supply, and Hip
- The femur is the longest and heaviest bone in the body.
- Head: Projects superomedially and slightly anteriorly, with a fovea at the center.
- Neck: Attaches the head to the femoral shaft/body at the intertrochanteric line (from the anterior view).
- Shaft/Body: The distal end has condyles.
Intertrochanteric Line (anterior)
- The anterior line runs between the greater and lesser trochanter.
- The base of the femur's neck.
- Transition from the neck to the shaft.
- A common fracture site.
Angle of Inclination
- The angle between the long axis of the femoral neck/head and the long axis of the shaft.
- Normal angle: Average 125° (range 115° - 140°)
- Coxa vara: Diminished angle of inclination (<125°).
- Coxa valga: Increased angle of inclination (>125°).
- Angle of inclination varies with age, sex, and development.
- In infants/toddlers, the angle is larger than in adults, decreasing with weight-bearing.
Congenital Coxa Vara
- Excessive genu valgum (knock-knee).
- Excessive pronation (dropped medial arch) .
- Hip muscle weakness.
Femur (Anterior)
- Greater trochanter: Extends laterally.
- Lesser trochanter: Extends posteromedially.
- Intertrochanteric line: Joins the trochanters anteriorly.
- Femoral condyles (medial/lateral): Distal end.
- Patellar surface (on femoral condyles): Anterior.
- Medial and lateral epicondyles: Distal end.
- Body: Bowed slightly anteriorly.
Femur (Posterior)
- Intertrochanteric crest: Joins the trochanters posteriorly.
- Quadrate tubercle: Rounded elevation on the intertrochanteric crest.
- Gluteal tuberosity: Gluteus maximus attachment.
- Linea aspera: Lateral/medial lip
- Spiral line (vastus medialis): (see next slide)
- Pectineal line (pectineus): (see next slide)
- Supracondylar lines: Lateral and medial.
- Intercondylar fossa/notch
Hip Joint
- Articulation between the spheroidal head of the femur and acetabular socket.
- Strong and stable ball and socket joint.
- Tri-axial according to degrees of freedom.
- Acetabular labrum: Fibrocartilaginous ring that deepens the cup.
- Transverse acetabular ligament: Across acetabular notch.
Hip Joint con't
- More than half of the femoral head fits within the acetabulum.
- Fovea: Pit in the head of the femur.
- Ligamentum teres: Attaches here; contains a small artery to the head of the femur.
- Joint capsule: Extensive; from margins of acetabulum to the femur.
Hip Ligamentous Support
- Iliofemoral ligament (Y ligament): From AIIS to intertrochanteric line; strongest ligament, located anteriorly.
- Pubofemoral ligament: Anterior and inferior; from superior ramus of pubis to intertrochanteric line.
- Ischiofemoral ligament : Arise posteriorly; spirals superolaterally to the anterior femoral neck.
Blood Supply to the femoral head/neck
- Ligamentum teres: Acetabular branch of the obturator a.
- Medial circumflex femoral artery.
Fractures & Repairs of Proximal Femur
- Different types of femoral neck and intertrochanteric fractures.
- Various repair methods: Pin only or ORIF (Open Reduction Internal Fixation)
Total Hip Arthroplasty (Replacement)
- Posterior hip replacement (no sound).
- Anterior hip replacement (no sound).
Why do we care about hip ligamentous structures?
- Functional changes in patients.
- Ambulatory paraplegia.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
This quiz focuses on the femur's osteology, including its structure, blood supply, and anatomical details. You'll explore essential concepts such as the angle of inclination and the significance of various anatomical landmarks. Test your knowledge of femoral anatomy and its clinical implications.
