Lower Digestive System Anatomy Quiz

Study Notes

The lower digestive system includes parts of the esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, and pancreas. These organs are located in the abdomen.
The esophagus is mostly located above the abdomen.
The abdomen is divided into three regions by two transverse planes: cranial (epigastric), middle (mesogastric), and caudal (hypogastric).
Each abdominal region is further divided into smaller regions: hypochondriac, xiphoid, flank (lateral abdominal), umbilical, inguinal, and pubic.
The peritoneum is a serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity, consisting of parietal (lining the wall) and visceral (covering abdominal viscera).
Connecting peritoneal layers form folds called mesenteries, omenta, or ligaments.
The greater and lesser omentum are connective tissues associated with the greater and lesser curvatures of the stomach.
Fixing the stomach includes structures like the greater omentum (connecting to the dorsal abdominal wall), lesser omentum (connecting to the liver), gastrophrenic ligament (connecting the parietal surface to the diaphragm), and gastrosplenic ligament (connecting the greater curvature to the spleen).

The stomach is a musculo-glandular sac-like structure located between the esophagus and duodenum.
Its shape and size vary based on the type of food consumed.
Stomaches are classified as monolocular (one compartment) or multilocular (more than one compartment).
Monolocular stomaches include simple (lined by glandular membranes) and compound (lined by glandular and non-glandular mucus membranes).
Multilocular stomachs, where only the last part is glandular.
Regions of the stomach include the cardiac, fundic, and pyloric regions, based on the type of glands present.
The nonglandular part is called the esophageal or proventricular part.

Dog: Monolocular simple stomach, located in the left hypochondriac region of the abdomen. Empty stomach resembles the letter “U,” and a moderate stomach is “C” shaped. The lesser curvature usually has a deep angular notch. The parietal surface of the stomach rests against the diaphragm. The visceral side is related to intestines, pancreas, and kidney.
Pig: Monolocular compound stomach, located toward the left side of the abdomen. Shape is sac-like with a blind conical diverticulum (the ventricular gastric diverticulum). The pyloric sphincter has a rounded prominence (the pyloric torus). The non-glandular part is folded around the cardia.
Horse: Monolocular compound stomach, located in the dorsal part of the abdomen. The shape, when full, is transverse, and the greater curvature extends to the area between the xiphoid and umbilical regions. It has a blind sac called the saccus caecus and a deep angular notch. A large non-glandular part (cutaneous) lines the saccus caecus.