Lower Airway Disorders Nursing Care

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Questions and Answers

What is an important nursing intervention for managing a patient with respiratory disorders?

Limiting social interaction

Monitoring lung sounds (correct)

Strict bed rest at all times

Encouraging fluid intake only

Which diagnostic test is most commonly used to confirm tuberculosis disease?

Complete blood count

Chest X-ray

Mantoux test (correct)

Spirometry

What is the primary difference between external respiration and internal respiration?

Internal respiration involves gas exchange between the alveoli and blood.

Internal respiration requires mechanical ventilation.

External respiration occurs within cells.

External respiration is the exchange of gases between the environment and the body. (correct)

What differentiates tuberculosis infection from tuberculosis disease?

The occurrence of lung damage Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2)?

SaO2 indicates the percentage of hemoglobin binding sites occupied by oxygen. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following should be monitored in a patient receiving oxygen therapy?

Respiratory rate and oxygen saturation Signup and view all the answers

What role do antitussives play in the treatment of respiratory diseases?

They suppress the cough reflex Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is most indicative of hypoxia in a patient?

Cyanosis Signup and view all the answers

Which wheezing sound is described as a high-pitched whistle associated with asthma?

Sibilant wheezes Signup and view all the answers

Which nursing diagnosis is suitable for a patient with altered respiratory function?

Ineffective airway clearance Signup and view all the answers

What is a key symptom to assess for in patients suspected of having chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?

Shortness of breath Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the respiratory system?

To facilitate gas exchange between the bloodstream and the environment. Signup and view all the answers

What is a crucial nursing intervention when assisting a client with incentive spirometry?

Demonstrating proper technique Signup and view all the answers

Which intervention is crucial for nursing care of a patient after laryngectomy?

Providing a way for the patient to speak. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of arterial blood gas analysis in respiratory care?

It evaluates lung function and acid-base status. Signup and view all the answers

When diagnosing tuberculosis, which of the following tests is commonly used?

Sputum culture for mycobacteria Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the drug of choice for treating anthrax?

Ciprofloxacin Signup and view all the answers

What is the key nursing intervention for patients with tuberculosis?

Ensuring patients are in AFB isolation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common side effect that antitussives are used to manage?

Dry cough Signup and view all the answers

Which diagnostic test is typically used for tuberculosis?

Mantoux tuberculin skin test Signup and view all the answers

What is an important nursing consideration when managing acute bronchitis?

Monitoring lung sounds Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is commonly associated with inhalational anthrax?

Hemoptysis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of using antipyretics in managing respiratory conditions?

To reduce fever and discomfort Signup and view all the answers

What is a crucial aspect of medication teaching for tuberculosis patients?

Complete the regimen for 6-9 months Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Disorders of the Lower Airway

Etiology includes various causes such as infections, pollutants, or genetic factors.
Pathophysiology involves inflammation, obstruction, or tissue damage in the airways.
Common clinical manifestations: productive cough, wheezing, dyspnea, chest pain, low-grade fever.
Assessment requires a detailed history and physical examination, including auscultation of lung sounds.
Diagnostic tests: chest X-ray (CXR), sputum cultures, and pulmonary function tests.
Medical management involves antitussives, bronchodilators, antibiotics, and additional supportive care.
Nursing interventions include monitoring lung sounds, encouraging rest and fluid intake, and providing patient education.
Prognosis varies based on the underlying disorder and response to treatment.

Tuberculosis

Infection caused by inhalation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Differentiation:
- Infection: presence of bacteria without symptoms.
- Disease: symptomatic, potentially contagious state.
Diagnosis includes Mantoux tuberculin skin test and sputum culture.
Clinical manifestations: fever, weight loss, weakness, hemoptysis, night sweats.
Medical management requires isolation and adherence to a long-term antibiotic regimen (typically R.I.P.E. therapy).
Nursing interventions focus on infection control and medication compliance.

Nursing Assessments for Closed-Chest Drainage

Monitor respiratory status and lung sounds frequently.
Assess for proper functioning and patency of the drainage system.
Evaluate the drainage output for abnormalities in color or volume.
Educate the patient on the importance of repositioning to facilitate drainage.
Ensure patient comfort and pain management during the procedure.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Etiology includes long-term exposure to harmful substances like smoke or pollutants.
Pathophysiology is characterized by airflow limitation and lung tissue damage.
Clinical manifestations: chronic cough, persistent sputum production, dyspnea, and fatigue.
Assessment involves noting changes in respiratory patterns and lung sounds.
Diagnostic tests: pulmonary function tests, chest imaging, and arterial blood gas analysis.
Medical management includes bronchodilators, steroids, and pulmonary rehabilitation programs.
Nursing interventions focus on education about smoking cessation and breathing techniques, as well as managing acute exacerbations.
Prognosis varies based on disease stage and patient lifestyle changes.

Respiratory System Overview

Purpose: accommodate gas exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
Upper respiratory tract components: nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx.
Lower respiratory tract components: trachea, bronchi, lungs.
Transport of gases: oxygen binds to hemoglobin within red blood cells; carbon dioxide is dissolved in plasma or transported as bicarbonate.
Respiratory regulation occurs through chemoreceptors responding to carbon dioxide levels.

Signs of Hypoxia

Symptoms can include confusion, cyanosis, increased respiratory rate, and elevated heart rate.
Assessment should focus on recognizing these indications early for timely intervention.

Respiratory Sounds

Differentiate between types of abnormal lung sounds:
- Sonorous wheezes: low-pitched; caused by airway obstruction.
- Sibilant wheezes: high-pitched; common in asthma or COPD.
- Crackles: sounds like popping; indicative of fluid in alveoli.
- Pleural friction rub: grating sound; suggests inflammation in the pleura.

Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) Values

Significance includes assessment of oxygenation and acid-base status.
PaO2: measures oxygen tension in arterial blood.
SaO2: measures the percentage of oxygen saturation of hemoglobin.
Abnormal values in ABG can indicate respiratory distress or metabolic issues.

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Description

This quiz covers the etiology, pathophysiology, and clinical manifestations relevant to lower airway disorders. It also differentiates between tuberculosis infection and disease and highlights key nursing assessments for patients with closed-chest drainage. Enhance your understanding of medical management and nursing interventions in this critical area of healthcare.