Los reinos cristianos peninsulares El reino de Asturias

The first king of Asturias, who established the Christian kingdom in the north of the Iberian Peninsula against the Muslim invaders. He is credited with resisting the Umayyad Caliphate's advance from the south.

Fernando III, the king of Castile and León, achieved the unification of both kingdoms into a single entity in the 13th century. He was known for his military victories against the Muslim Almohads and his efforts to expand Christian territories.

Toledo, the ancient capital of the Visigoths, was conquered by Alfonso VI in 1085. This marked a significant victory for the Christian kingdoms, marking a turning point in the Reconquista, and securing a key strategic location.

Mudéjares were Muslim groups that remained in Christian territories after the reconquista. They were allowed to retain their culture and religion under Christian rule, and they played an important role in the development of arts and crafts in Spain.

Alfonso XI, a Castilian-Leonese king, won a decisive battle against the Benimerines at the Battle of Salado in 1340. This victory helped to secure Christian control over the southern region of Spain and marked a crucial moment in the Reconquista.

Aragon was incorporated into the Crown of Aragon when Ramón Berenguer IV married Petronila, the heir to the throne. This union led to the formation of a powerful kingdom in northeastern Spain, becoming a key player in the Reconquista alongside Castile and León.

The Duero River was the border between Christian and Muslim territories in the north of Spain. Alfonso I, the king of Asturias, devastated the lands beyond the Duero River in order to prevent Muslim incursions. This act reveals the strategic importance of the region and the constant threat of Muslim advances.

The Marca Nororiental del Emirato (Northeastern March of the Emirate) was a fortified region located on the border between the Islamic and Christian regions of the Iberian Peninsula. This region was vital for controlling trade routes and defending against enemy incursions.

The Dynasty of Arista ruled in the western Pyrenees in the early 9th century, during a time of great turmoil. This dynasty was deeply involved in the conflicts between Christians, Muslims, and Franks, signifying a period of great instability and change.

The western Pyrenees was a battleground for Christians, Muslims, and Franks in the early 9th century. The strategic importance of this region led to constant conflicts between these groups, reflecting the volatile situation in the Iberian Peninsula during this era.