Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following mechanisms primarily accounts for the action of loop diuretics?
Which of the following mechanisms primarily accounts for the action of loop diuretics?
- Inhibition of the Na+/K+/2Cl- cotransporter in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle (correct)
- Increased glomerular filtration rate due to renal vasodilation
- Inhibition of carbonic anhydrase in the proximal convoluted tubule
- Blockade of aldosterone receptors in the distal convoluted tubule
A patient with severe heart failure is prescribed furosemide. Which electrolyte imbalance is the most concerning immediate consequence that requires monitoring?
A patient with severe heart failure is prescribed furosemide. Which electrolyte imbalance is the most concerning immediate consequence that requires monitoring?
- Hypernatremia
- Hypermagnesemia
- Hypercalcemia
- Hypokalemia (correct)
In a patient with liver cirrhosis and ascites, loop diuretics are used cautiously due to the risk of which complication?
In a patient with liver cirrhosis and ascites, loop diuretics are used cautiously due to the risk of which complication?
- Potentiation of hyperkalemia
- Exacerbation of hypercalcemia
- Precipitation of hepatic coma (correct)
- Induction of hyponatremia
Why are loop diuretics typically avoided or used with extreme caution in patients presenting with anuria?
Why are loop diuretics typically avoided or used with extreme caution in patients presenting with anuria?
What is the underlying mechanism by which loop diuretics can lead to hyperuricemia?
What is the underlying mechanism by which loop diuretics can lead to hyperuricemia?
A patient taking furosemide reports muscle cramps and weakness. Which of the following is the most likely electrolyte imbalance contributing to these symptoms?
A patient taking furosemide reports muscle cramps and weakness. Which of the following is the most likely electrolyte imbalance contributing to these symptoms?
Which of the following is the primary reason why loop diuretics are effective in managing hypertension?
Which of the following is the primary reason why loop diuretics are effective in managing hypertension?
A pregnant woman with pre-existing hypertension is considering using loop diuretics. What is the primary risk associated with loop diuretic use during pregnancy?
A pregnant woman with pre-existing hypertension is considering using loop diuretics. What is the primary risk associated with loop diuretic use during pregnancy?
A patient with renal disease is prescribed torsemide. Which parameter should be monitored most closely to prevent adverse effects?
A patient with renal disease is prescribed torsemide. Which parameter should be monitored most closely to prevent adverse effects?
What is a key difference between furosemide and torsemide regarding their pharmacokinetic properties?
What is a key difference between furosemide and torsemide regarding their pharmacokinetic properties?
Flashcards
Loop Diuretics MOA
Loop Diuretics MOA
Loop diuretics inhibit the Na/K/2Cl cotransporter in the ascending loop of Henle, leading to decreased reabsorption of sodium, chloride, and potassium.
Indications for Loop Diuretics
Indications for Loop Diuretics
Hypertension, liver cirrhosis, congestive heart failure, and renal disease.
Loop Diuretics: Side Effects
Loop Diuretics: Side Effects
Hypokalemia, hyperuricemia, hypovolemia, and hypocalcemia.
Examples of Loop Diuretics
Examples of Loop Diuretics
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Loop Diuretics: Contraindications
Loop Diuretics: Contraindications
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Study Notes
- Loop diuretics have the greatest diuretic effect.
- Furosemide and torsemide are examples of loop diuretics.
Mechanism of Action
- Loop diuretics act on the ascending loop of Henle.
- They inhibit the Na/Ca2+/K+ co-transporter.
- Peripheral resistance is reduced as water is removed.
Indications
- Loop diuretics are indicated for hypertension.
- They're also used for liver cirrhosis.
- Congestive heart failure is another indication.
- Loop diuretics are used for renal disease.
Contraindications
- Loop diuretics are contraindicated in hypocalcemia.
- They're also not suitable for patients with hypokalemia.
- Anuria is a contraindication.
- Pregnancy is a contraindication.
- Hepatic coma is a contraindication.
Side Effects
- Loop diuretics can cause hypokalemia (K+ wasting).
- Hyperuricemia may occur as a side effect.
- Hypovolemia is a potential side effect.
- Hypocalcemia can result from their use.
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