Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the most prescribed loop diuretic?
What is the most prescribed loop diuretic?
What are the mechanisms of action for furosemide (Lasix)?
What are the mechanisms of action for furosemide (Lasix)?
Acts on ascending loop of Henle to block reabsorption.
What is the pharmacokinetics of furosemide?
What is the pharmacokinetics of furosemide?
Rapid onset (PO 60 min; IV 5 min).
What are the indications for furosemide?
What are the indications for furosemide?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the adverse effects of furosemide?
What are the adverse effects of furosemide?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the effects of thiazide diuretics?
What are the effects of thiazide diuretics?
Signup and view all the answers
When are thiazides not effective?
When are thiazides not effective?
Signup and view all the answers
What thiazide diuretic drug is often used?
What thiazide diuretic drug is often used?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the action of hydrochlorothiazide?
What is the action of hydrochlorothiazide?
Signup and view all the answers
When does hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) peak?
When does hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) peak?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the therapeutic uses of HCTZ?
What are the therapeutic uses of HCTZ?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the adverse effects of hydrochlorothiazide?
What are the adverse effects of hydrochlorothiazide?
Signup and view all the answers
What are potassium-sparing diuretics?
What are potassium-sparing diuretics?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a potassium-sparing diuretic?
What is a potassium-sparing diuretic?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the mechanism of action for spironolactone?
What is the mechanism of action for spironolactone?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the therapeutic uses for spironolactone?
What are the therapeutic uses for spironolactone?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the adverse effects of spironolactone?
What are the adverse effects of spironolactone?
Signup and view all the answers
What drug interacts with spironolactone?
What drug interacts with spironolactone?
Signup and view all the answers
What drug is used more as an osmotic diuretic?
What drug is used more as an osmotic diuretic?
Signup and view all the answers
What are osmotic diuretics?
What are osmotic diuretics?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the pharmacokinetics of mannitol?
What is the pharmacokinetics of mannitol?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the therapeutic uses of mannitol?
What are the therapeutic uses of mannitol?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the adverse effects of mannitol?
What are the adverse effects of mannitol?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Loop Diuretics
- Furosemide (Lasix) is the most prescribed loop diuretic.
- Mechanism of action: Inhibits reabsorption in the ascending loop of Henle.
- Pharmacokinetics: Rapid onset with oral administration in 60 minutes and intravenous in 5 minutes.
- Indications: Treats edema, hypertension, and pulmonary edema.
- Adverse effects: Risk of hypokalemia, hyponatremia, dehydration, hypotension, ototoxicity, and hyperglycemia.
Thiazide Diuretics
- Thiazide diuretics increase renal excretion of sodium, chloride, potassium, and water; can elevate uric acid and glucose levels.
- Not effective in situations of scant urine flow, unlike loop diuretics.
- Hydrochlorothiazide is a commonly used thiazide diuretic.
- Acts on the early segment of the distal convoluted tubule.
- Peaks in 4-6 hours for effectiveness.
- Therapeutic uses include essential hypertension (first-line choice), mild to moderate heart failure edema, and diabetes insipidus.
- Adverse effects include hyponatremia, dehydration, hypokalemia, hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia, and impacts on lipids, calcium, and magnesium.
Potassium-Sparing Diuretics
- Cause a modest increase in urine output while significantly decreasing potassium excretion.
- Not typically used alone for therapy.
- Types include aldosterone antagonists such as spironolactone and non-aldosterone antagonists like triamterene and amiloride.
- Spironolactone (Aldactone) acts as a potassium-sparing diuretic by blocking aldosterone, leading to potassium retention and sodium excretion.
- Therapeutic uses encompass hypertension, edematous states, heart failure, primary hyperaldosteronism, premenstrual syndrome, polycystic ovary syndrome, and acne in young women.
- Adverse effects involve hyperkalemia and potential benign or malignant tumors, along with endocrine effects.
- Drug interactions: Effective with thiazide and loop diuretics and may increase potassium levels.
Osmotic Diuretics
- Mannitol (Osmitrol) is primarily used as an osmotic diuretic.
- Promotes diuresis by generating osmotic force within the nephron lumen.
- Administered parenterally due to pharmacokinetics.
- Therapeutic uses include prophylaxis of renal failure, and reducing intracranial and intraocular pressure.
- Adverse effects: Include edema, headache, nausea, vomiting, and fluid/electrolyte imbalance.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Test your knowledge on the different classes of diuretics with this flashcard quiz. Focused specifically on loop diuretics, particularly furosemide (Lasix), the quiz covers mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, and clinical indications. Perfect for students and healthcare professionals alike.
