Classes of Diuretics Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What is the most prescribed loop diuretic?

Mannitol

Spironolactone

Hydrochlorothiazide

Furosemide (Lasix) (correct)

What are the mechanisms of action for furosemide (Lasix)?

Acts on ascending loop of Henle to block reabsorption.

What is the pharmacokinetics of furosemide?

Rapid onset (PO 60 min; IV 5 min).

What are the indications for furosemide?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What are the adverse effects of furosemide?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What are the effects of thiazide diuretics?

Increases renal excretion of sodium and chloride Signup and view all the answers

When are thiazides not effective?

Not effective when urine flow is scant. Signup and view all the answers

What thiazide diuretic drug is often used?

Hydrochlorothiazide. Signup and view all the answers

What is the action of hydrochlorothiazide?

Acts on the early segment of the distal convoluted tubule. Signup and view all the answers

When does hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) peak?

Peaks in 4-6 hours. Signup and view all the answers

What are the therapeutic uses of HCTZ?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What are the adverse effects of hydrochlorothiazide?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What are potassium-sparing diuretics?

Modest increase in urine production, substantial decrease in potassium excretion. Signup and view all the answers

What is a potassium-sparing diuretic?

Spironolactone (Aldactone). Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action for spironolactone?

Blocks aldosterone in the distal nephron. Signup and view all the answers

What are the therapeutic uses for spironolactone?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What are the adverse effects of spironolactone?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What drug interacts with spironolactone?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What drug is used more as an osmotic diuretic?

Mannitol (Osmitrol). Signup and view all the answers

What are osmotic diuretics?

Promotes diuresis by creating osmotic force within the lumen of the nephron. Signup and view all the answers

What is the pharmacokinetics of mannitol?

Drugs must be given parenterally. Signup and view all the answers

What are the therapeutic uses of mannitol?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What are the adverse effects of mannitol?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Loop Diuretics

Furosemide (Lasix) is the most prescribed loop diuretic.
Mechanism of action: Inhibits reabsorption in the ascending loop of Henle.
Pharmacokinetics: Rapid onset with oral administration in 60 minutes and intravenous in 5 minutes.
Indications: Treats edema, hypertension, and pulmonary edema.
Adverse effects: Risk of hypokalemia, hyponatremia, dehydration, hypotension, ototoxicity, and hyperglycemia.

Thiazide Diuretics

Thiazide diuretics increase renal excretion of sodium, chloride, potassium, and water; can elevate uric acid and glucose levels.
Not effective in situations of scant urine flow, unlike loop diuretics.
Hydrochlorothiazide is a commonly used thiazide diuretic.
Acts on the early segment of the distal convoluted tubule.
Peaks in 4-6 hours for effectiveness.
Therapeutic uses include essential hypertension (first-line choice), mild to moderate heart failure edema, and diabetes insipidus.
Adverse effects include hyponatremia, dehydration, hypokalemia, hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia, and impacts on lipids, calcium, and magnesium.

Potassium-Sparing Diuretics

Cause a modest increase in urine output while significantly decreasing potassium excretion.
Not typically used alone for therapy.
Types include aldosterone antagonists such as spironolactone and non-aldosterone antagonists like triamterene and amiloride.
Spironolactone (Aldactone) acts as a potassium-sparing diuretic by blocking aldosterone, leading to potassium retention and sodium excretion.
Therapeutic uses encompass hypertension, edematous states, heart failure, primary hyperaldosteronism, premenstrual syndrome, polycystic ovary syndrome, and acne in young women.
Adverse effects involve hyperkalemia and potential benign or malignant tumors, along with endocrine effects.
Drug interactions: Effective with thiazide and loop diuretics and may increase potassium levels.

Osmotic Diuretics

Mannitol (Osmitrol) is primarily used as an osmotic diuretic.
Promotes diuresis by generating osmotic force within the nephron lumen.
Administered parenterally due to pharmacokinetics.
Therapeutic uses include prophylaxis of renal failure, and reducing intracranial and intraocular pressure.
Adverse effects: Include edema, headache, nausea, vomiting, and fluid/electrolyte imbalance.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

Test your knowledge on the different classes of diuretics with this flashcard quiz. Focused specifically on loop diuretics, particularly furosemide (Lasix), the quiz covers mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, and clinical indications. Perfect for students and healthcare professionals alike.