Longitudinal vs Cross-Sectional Study Methods

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What concept did Socrates and Plato pioneer?

Experimental Method

Monism

Dualism (correct)

Operational Definitions

According to Aristotle, how did he view the mind and body?

As separate entities

As independent variables

As different aspects of the same thing (correct)

In terms of operational definitions

What concept was Wilhelm Wundt known for pioneering?

Dependent Variable

Independent Variable

Confounding Variable

Introspection (correct)

What did Descartes focus on in relation to the body and mind?

Dualism (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which psychologist believed that psychology should be modeled after physics and chemistry?

Wilhelm Wundt (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of an operational definition?

A description of a specific procedure used to determine the presence of a variable (B) Signup and view all the answers

In an experiment, what is manipulated by the researcher?

Independent Variable (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the factor that is measured as the outcome in an experiment?

Dependent Variable (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following variables may introduce errors in research outcomes by influencing the dependent variable?

Confounding Variable (A) Signup and view all the answers

If every individual has an equal chance of being chosen to participate in a study, what process is being employed?

Random Selection (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is selected before choosing members for a sample?

Population (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which group receives the treatment or independent variable in an experiment?

Experimental Group (C) Signup and view all the answers

'Thinking that one knew it all along' is an example of which bias?

Hindsight Bias (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of these indicates the consistency or repeatability of results?

Reliability (C) Signup and view all the answers

What does statistical significance indicate about research results?

High probability that the independent variable caused changes in the dependent variable (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the independent variable in an experiment?

The variable that is manipulated by the researcher (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the dependent variable?

The variable that changes in response to the independent variable (B) Signup and view all the answers

In an experiment, what is an operational definition used for?

To define variables in terms of how they will be observed, manipulated, and measured (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of variable can introduce confusion in an experiment by influencing the results without being accounted for?

Confounding variable (D) Signup and view all the answers

If a researcher finds a correlation between two variables in a study, what can they NOT determine?

Causation (C) Signup and view all the answers

What makes longitudinal research different from cross-sectional research?

Cross-sectional research tracks the same group over time (B) Signup and view all the answers

What do psychometricians focus on in psychology?

Acquiring and analyzing psychological data (B) Signup and view all the answers

How do forensic psychologists apply their knowledge?

By applying psychological principles to legal issues (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of health psychologists?

Promotion of good health and prevention/treatment of illness (B) Signup and view all the answers

What do neuropsychologists primarily study?

The relationships between brain/nervous systems and behavior (C) Signup and view all the answers