Questions and Answers
What divides the earth into two equal halves?
What is the longitude of a place followed by?
What is the location of 180° East and 180° West meridians?
What is needed to locate a point on the globe?
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What is represented by the vertical lines in Figure 2.7?
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What is the best means of measuring time?
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How can local time be reckoned?
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What is the location of Dhubri in Assam in terms of latitude and longitude?
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What is the value of the prime meridian?
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Where is the frigid zone located?
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How many longitudes are there in total?
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In which hemisphere is the Antarctic Circle located?
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What is a grid in the context of geography?
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At which degree is the Tropic of Capricorn located?
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What is the Standard Meridian of India?
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Towards which direction do the distances between longitudes decrease?
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What is the purpose of meridians of longitude?
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What is the unit of measurement for distances between meridians?
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Why was it difficult to number the meridians?
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What is the name of the meridian that passes through Greenwich?
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What is the value of the Prime Meridian?
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What divides the Earth into the Eastern and Western Hemispheres?
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What is the shape of meridians?
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What happens to the distance between meridians as you move polewards?
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Study Notes
Measuring Location on the Earth
- To locate a place precisely, we need to find out how far east or west it is from a line of reference running from the North Pole to the South Pole.
- These lines of reference are called meridians of longitude, and the distances between them are measured in degrees of longitude.
Meridians of Longitude
- Each degree of longitude is further divided into minutes and seconds.
- Meridians are semi-circles that meet at the poles, where the distance between them decreases to zero.
- All meridians are of equal length, unlike parallels of latitude.
Prime Meridian
- The Prime Meridian is the meridian that passes through Greenwich, where the British Royal Observatory is located.
- Its value is 0° longitude, and countries decided to start counting from this meridian.
- The Prime Meridian divides the earth into two equal halves, the Eastern Hemisphere and the Western Hemisphere.
Longitude and Hemisphere
- The longitude of a place is followed by the letter E for east and W for west.
- 180° East and 180° West meridians are on the same line.
- The Prime Meridian and 180° meridian divide the earth into two equal halves.
Grid of Parallels and Meridians
- The grid of parallels of latitude and meridians of longitude helps locate a point on the globe if we know its latitude and longitude.
- For example, Dhubri in Assam is situated at 26° N latitude and 90° E longitude.
Understanding Latitude and Longitude
- Drawing equidistant vertical and horizontal lines on a paper helps understand the concept of latitude and longitude.
- Vertical lines represent East Longitudes, and horizontal lines represent North Latitudes.
- Where these lines intersect, we can locate a point on the globe.
Time and Longitude
- The movement of the earth, moon, and planets helps measure time.
- Local time can be reckoned by the shadow cast by the sun, which is shortest at noon and longest at sunrise and sunset.
Time Zones
- The image shows time zones of the world, with the Prime Meridian as the reference point.
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Description
Understanding longitudes in geography, measuring east-west distances from a reference line, and their importance in location.